The Chemistry in Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging
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Abstract:
Nanoparticles have been widely employed as contrast agents for various types of molecular imaging modalities due to their unique optical and magnetic properties. The surface functionalization of nanoparticles often determines their translatability and performance under biological conditions. Herein, we discuss several representative chemical approaches for modifying the major classes of nanoparticles including surface oxidation and cycloaddition on the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, surface chemistry based on metal-sulfur bonds, silica coating, surface-initiated polymerization, and surface cross-linking. Examples of these chemistries have been described by modifying the surface functionality of nanomaterials to improve their properties including water-solubility, chemical and biological stability, biocompatibility, antifouling property, blood circulation, biodistribution, specific targeting, and multimodal imaging abilities. The remaining challenges in the current chemical approaches for nanoparticle surface functionalization are also discussed.Keywords:
Surface Modification
Biocompatibility
Nanomaterials
Biodistribution
Biomolecule
mTc (CO)3-EC] was prepared and its biodistribution in mice was studied. Biodistribution study revealed that it had pretty high initial kidney uptake and fast renal clearance. It would be helpful for further study of carbonyl technetium core used in the field of kidney imaging agents.
Biodistribution
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Objective
To synthesize N- (5-nitroindazole-3-formyl) tyrosine sodium and investigate its hypoxic radiosensitizing effect and biodistribution.
Method
Synthesized the target compound (N- (5-nitroindazole-3-formyl) tyrosine sodium) using condensing agents, and investigated its radiosensitization under hypoxia using H22 xenograft models and its biodistribution using radioactive iodine labeling.
Results
The synthesis and structure of the target compound were confirmed. Xenograft models showed that it had a certain radiosensitizing activity and the mean value of sensitization enhancement ratio was 1.5. Biodistribution experiment revealed that it had a good distribution manner, the distribution ratios of tumor to the nervous system and muscle were both greater than 5.
Conclusion
N- (5-nitroindazole-3-formyl) tyrosine sodium had good radiosensitizing activity and biodistribution manner, and it was worthy of further study.
Key words:
N- (5-nitroindazole-3-formyl) tyrosine sodium; Neoplasms; hypoxic radiosensitization; biodistribution
Biodistribution
Radiosensitizer
Sodium pump
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Objective To study the preparation and biocompatibility of modified poly(propylene carbonate)(M-PPC) so as to provide experimental reference for its clinical applicationMethods M-PPC was generated by blending of PPC and PHB.The biocompatibility evaluation experiments included cell toxicity test by MTT and implantational test of M-PPC.Results All the test results showed that M-PPC induced no cytotoxicity to Hela cell,and M-PPC had good biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro.Conclusion M-PPC is one new kind of safe medical materials which has good biocompatibility.
Biocompatibility
HeLa
Biomaterial
Propylene carbonate
MTT assay
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金 nanoparticles (AuNPs ) 的 biodistribution 是仔细与毒物学的效果有关并且因为他们的潜在的申请，担心大。与为液体运输的新奇解剖、组织学的结构的发现，然而，内在的机制包含了在在里面 AuNPs 的 vivo 运输和 biodistribution 要求进一步深入的调查。在当前的学习，在腱，容器，和神经纤维的一个焦点的点可以最佳地与另外的遥远的结缔组织连接的地方，我们在跗骨的隧道在 intervaginal 空间注射(ISI ) 以后在老鼠调查了 10-nm AuNPs 的 biodistribution。AuNPs 的静脉内的注射(IVI ) 用作控制。血和机关与诱导地联合的血浆团 spectrometry (ICPMS ) 为 Au 分发的定量分析在注射以后在 5， 15，和 30 min 并且在 1， 4， 12，和 24 h 被收集。IVI 和 ISI 产出显著地不同的结果：在在 ISI 以后的血的 AuNP 内容在 IVI 以后是比那低得多的；在肺，心，和肠是类似的；并且在皮和肌肉是更高的。这些调查结果被 AuNP 内容和相对机关 AuNP 分发比例的比率支持。我们表明的结果一快，直接并且发行量无关的 AuNP 器官运输小径，它可以改进我们生理、病理学的 biodistribution 的理解在生物系统处理。而且，这些结果提供新奇卓见进在里面 vivo 运输和 AuNPs 的 biodistribution，它可以导致新奇、有效治疗学并且管理策略。
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HEDTMP (N(2hydroxyethyl) ethlenediamine1,1,2tri(methylene phosphonic acid)) is labeled with 99Tcm. The stability, rabbit bone imaging and mice biodistribution of 99TcmHEDTMP are investigated. The stability studies show that99TcmHEDTMP is stable in 5 h. The biodistribution indicate 99TcmHEDTMP is mainly concentrated on animal skeleton and the uptake of nontarget tissue is low. The results show that 99TcmHEDTMP is a potential promising bone imaging agent.
Biodistribution
Bone imaging
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Silk fibroin is a natural biomaterial protein due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical property and processibility. The properties of biomaterial scaffolds are quite strict and complex for its practical applica tion in tissue engineering. Recently, many researches on structure biocompatibility and cell biocompatibility of silk fibro in have been conducted. The results showed good biocompatibility of fibroin, which is important for promoting the appli cation of fibroin in tissue engineering.
Biocompatibility
Fibroin
Biomaterial
Sericin
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Polyurethane(PU) has been widely used biomedical material with good stability,excellent mechanical properties and reasonable biocompatibility due to its specific micro-phase separation structure.However,its unsatisfactory blood compatibility results in limitation of application in the biomaterial fields.As far as the dependence of biocompatibility on surface properties of materials is concerned,surface modification has been recognized a preferable way to improve the biocompatibility for biomaterials.In view of many methods applied to modify the surface of polyurethane,the bioactive molecules modified surface through chemical modification has attracted a great of interest.In the present article the approaches of modification to improve the biocompatibility of polyurethane were briefly summarized,and the relationship between polyurethane surface properties and biocompatibility was also discussed.
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Biomaterial
Surface Modification
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Background: Biocompatibility and the efficiency of solute removal are important considerations in blood purification therapy. Improvement of biocompatibility is expected to lead to the prevention of dialysis-related complications (e.g. amyloidosis, arteriosclerosis, and malnutrition) and to the delay of disease progression by alleviating microinflammation. Summary: The biocompatibility of dialyzers is greatly influenced by the interaction between blood and the treatment materials, in which the chemical and physical characteristics of membrane materials play important roles. In hemodiafiltration (HDF), treatment characteristics such as dilution modes are also considered to greatly affect this interaction between blood and materials. Studies have reported that the levels of C-reactive protein are decreased in patients receiving HDF. Thus, the improvement of biocompatibility is an important factor in HDF. Key Messages: To improve the biocompatibility of HDF, it is essential to improve the biocompatibility of hemodiafilters. This article outlines the importance of biocompatibility and related factors in HDF.
Biocompatibility
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Biocompatibility
Surface Modification
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