Ultra-compact dual-mode mode-size converter for silicon photonic few-mode fiber interfaces
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Abstract:
Fiber couplers usually take a lot of space on photonic integrated circuits due to the large mode-size mismatch between the waveguide and fiber, especially when a fiber with larger core is utilized, such as a few-mode fiber. We demonstrate experimentally that such challenge can be overcome by an ultra-compact mode-size converter with a footprint of only 10 µm. Our device expands TE0 and TE1 waveguide modes simultaneously from a 1-µm wide strip waveguide to an 18-µm wide slab on a 220-nm thick silicon-on-insulator, with calculated losses of 0.75 dB and 0.68 dB, respectively. The fabricated device has a measured insertion loss of 1.02 dB for TE0 mode and 1.59 dB for TE1 mode. By connecting the ultra-compact converter with diffraction grating couplers, higher-order modes in a few-mode fiber can be generated with a compact footprint on-chip.Keywords:
Waveguide
Mode volume
Fiber Bragg Grating
A new method is presented to read optical disks. Light is focused on and picked up from the disk by a multimodal waveguide. Experimental results of a photonic IC controlling these waveguide modes are presented.
Waveguide
Mode (computer interface)
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Simulated and measured results are presented for the coupling loss from free space into a large mode area (LMA) photonic crystal fiber. The total measured loss (using bulk optics) for a signal (¿ = 1.55 ¿m) going in and out of a 1-m-long fiber was -2.15 dB. It was also observed that the fiber is not that sensitive to lateral misalignment compared that to the conventional single-mode fiber. Due to the low loss, this type of fiber could be used to create long delays in optical true-time-delay engines based on the White cell concept and others. The above loss can be further reduced by using field lenses or lensed LMA.
Coupling loss
Mode volume
Microstructured optical fiber
Free space
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A taper transition can couple light between a multimode fiber and several single-mode fibers. If the number of single-mode fibers matches the number of spatial modes in the multimode fiber, the transition can have low loss in both directions. This enables the high performance of single-mode fiber devices to be attained in multimode fibers. We report an experimental proof of concept by using photonic crystal fiber techniques to make the transitions, demonstrating a multimode fiber filter with the transmission spectrum of a single-mode fiber grating.
Mode volume
Fiber Bragg Grating
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Silica optical fiber was drawn from a three-dimensional printed preform. Both single mode and multimode fibers are reported. The results demonstrate additive manufacturing of glass optical fibers and its potential to disrupt traditional optical fiber fabrication. It opens up fiber designs for novel applications hitherto not possible.
Plastic-clad silica fiber
All-silica fiber
Microstructured optical fiber
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A refractive index (RI) sensor based on a novel fiber structure that consists of a single-mode–multimode–single-mode (SMS) fiber structure followed by a fiber Bragg grating was demonstrated. The multimode fiber in the SMS structure excites cladding modes within output single-mode fiber (SMF) and recouple the reflected cladding Bragg wavelength to the input SMF core. By measuring the relative Bragg wavelength shift between core and cladding Bragg wavelengths, the RI can be determined. Experimentally we have achieved a maximum sensitivity of 7.33 nm/RIU (RI unit) at RI range from 1.324 to 1.439.
Fiber Bragg Grating
PHOSFOS
Long-period fiber grating
Cladding mode
Cladding (metalworking)
All-silica fiber
Plastic-clad silica fiber
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In this work simple fabrication techniques of polymeric optical waveguides and wavegiode elements toward low insertion loss are proposed and demonstrated. For single-mode propagation, light-induced self-written (LISW) optical waveguide is fabricated. For large core optical waveguide, hot-emboss technology is adopted for the formation of platform with fiber guide. Moreover, simultaneous formation of channel waveguide with 45° mirror based on the mold technology is also reported.
Waveguide
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A simple refractive-index fiber sensor based on a tilted Bragg fiber grating interacting with multimode fiber is described. The sensor structure is formed by insertion of a small section of MMF between the single-mode fiber and the tilted Bragg fiber grating. The average reflective power in the cladding modes of the TFBG reflected a different power as the surrounding refractive index changes, while the power of the reflected Bragg mode keeps unchanged. The refractive index unit sensitivity of 28.5 μW is achieved. The proposed sensor shows great potential for biological applications.
Fiber Bragg Grating
PHOSFOS
Long-period fiber grating
Refractometer
Cladding mode
Cladding (metalworking)
Mode volume
Normalized frequency (unit)
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The theoretical model of a new hollow core fiber sensor based on the specific properties of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excited with a fiber Bragg grating is proposed and comprehensively investigated. The main principle of operation of this new device is based on the efficient energy transfer between the fiber waveguide mode (FWM) and the SPP provided by a properly designed short-period fiber Bragg grating imprinted into a waveguide fiber layer of a specially designed hollow core optical fiber. The waveguide fiber layer is the dielectric layer of the fiber with the highest refractive index. The FWM is a fiber mode oscillating in this layer and exponentially decaying in all other fiber layers. Presented for the cylindrical (fiber) geometry, the scheme without loss of generality can be applied to the planar geometry. The simulations are based on the coupled mode theory and performed for well-developed telecom wavelength ranges.
Fiber Bragg Grating
Mode volume
Long-period fiber grating
Microstructured optical fiber
Coupled mode theory
Waveguide
PHOSFOS
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An all fiber mode selective coupler (MSCs) is proposed, which is based on the non-weak guided fiber using weak fusion technology. According to the mode coupling theory and supermode theory, the structure size of the coupler is calculated. The coupler is composed of a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a graded index fiber designed by ourselves. We have designed this kind of few mode fiber which can breaks modal degeneracy. This kind of coupler is different from other types in that it does not require pre-tapering in the manufacturing process, only needs to control the distance of the core. When the circular polarization HE11 mode is launched into the SMF, and passed through the coupling region, the higher-order mode can be excited in a section of the multimode graded fiber. The circular polarization HE21 mode in the graded-index multimode fiber would be OAM modes. When the HE11 mode is launched into the multimode fiber there is no energy coupling to the single mode fiber at the output end of the SMF, So the donut and Gaussian beams are delivered from the same fiber. Over the past decade, this mode selective coupler (MSCs) has been introduced as an essential component for many multimode fiber devices, such as sensors, mode multiplexing (WDM). If the coupler is used in the visible band, it also can be a new way to realize stimulated emission depletion microscopy applications.
Mode scrambler
Mode volume
Equilibrium mode distribution
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