A Geminated Mandibular Second Molar—A Case Report
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Abstract:
Fusion and gemination are not entirely uncommon dental anomalies that may also be named ‘double teeth’. This is due to their unusual presentation in a twin-like fashion. Teeth with these irregularities may appear clinically similar, presenting as large and bulbous in shape with unusual anatomy and fissure patterns. The exact aetiology of these anomalies is uncertain, but many potential local or systemic disturbances during the morphodifferentiation stage of odontogenesis have been considered. Gemination occurs rarely in the permanent dentition and even less frequently in the posterior region of the oral cavity. This report presents a case of a geminated mandibular second molar and discusses the importance of early recognition and diagnosis of such teeth so that adequate preventative care and treatment can be provided.Keywords:
Posterior teeth
Presentation (obstetrics)
Etiology
Mandibular molar
Permanent dentition
To present a clinical case report in a mandibular first molar with a middle distal canal, along with a review of the literature.With the use of magnification, either by microscopes or by loupes, there is an increasing possibility of detecting additional canals. The present case describes root canal treatment in a mandibular first molar with two roots and a Sert and Bayirli Type XVIII canal configuration in the distal root. The presence of a three canals in the distal root of mandibular first molars has been reported to have an incidence of 0.2-3%.* Clinicians should be aware of the variable root canal anatomy in the distal root of mandibular first molars. * Use of magnification helps to identify and locate additional root canals. * Three root canals in the distal root of mandibular first molar teeth might occur.
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Two cases of impaction of the mandibular second molar treated by means of orthodontic techniques, were presented. It takes about 6 to 8 months for uprighting mandibular second molar. There is no significant difference in the uprighting times between in the case of extraction of the third molar or not. We consider that the corticotomy of the diatal part of the mandibular second molar shortens the uprighting times of the mandibular second molar. Treatment results of both cases were favorable at 2 years after uprighting of the mandibular second molar.
Impaction
Corticotomy
Mandibular molar
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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【Objective】To evaluate the stress distribution in the surrounding tissues of the second mandibular molar with the first mandibular molar loss using a finite element analysis.【Methods】Two three-dimensional finite element models of the second mandibular molar with or without the first mandibular molar were constructed by the combination of the Computed Tomographic(CT) scanning technology and Ansys software.A vertical load of 22.5 kg was applied to the second molar on the central fossae in each case.The stress distribution in the surrounding tissues of the second mandibular molar was compared.【Results】The first mandibular molar loss increased the stress in the mesial,distal alveolar ridge and the apex of the second mandibular molar and increased the stress surrounding the second mandibular molar.【Conclusion】The stress distribution around the roots of the second mandibular molar with the first mandibular molar loss may tilt the second mandibular molar mesially and do harm to the tooth,paradontal tissues and the orofacial system.
Mandibular molar
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
Alveolar ridge
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Accessory root formation in primary teeth is an uncommon finding. An awareness and understanding of the presence of additional roots and unusual root canal morphology is essential as it determines the successful outcome of the endodontic treatment.This paper presents three case reports on the presence of three-rooted mandibular first primary molar (primary three-rooted mandibular left first molar and bilateral mandibular first molar).
Mandibular molar
Primary (astronomy)
Mandibular third molar
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To evaluate mechanical behavior of different fixed prosthesis following molar hemisection therapy for clinical reference.Finite element method and photoelastic method were employed to investigate the stress distribution around the reserved distal root of the first mandibular molar with various fixed prosthesis designs. The restorations of single crown of the first mandibular molar, combined crowns of the first and second mandibular molars, combined crowns of the second mandibular premolar and first mandibular molar, and combined crowns of the second mandibular premolar, the first and second mandibular molars were designed. The same load was simulated on the occlusal surfaces of the molars.The results of two studies showed that the stress around the reserved root in the single crown model was over 3 times as much as that of the normal model, the first mandibular molar with normal roots and a crown. For the combined crowns of the first and second mandibular molars, the stress was almost twice of the normal stress. While in the models of the combined crowns of the second mandibular premolar and first mandibular molar, as well as the combined crowns of the second mandibular premolar, the first and second mandibular molars, the stress distributions were similar to that in normal conditions.Both the results indicated that the restoration of two-unit dual-ended combined crowns has favorable stress distribution and is applicable for the reserved root following the hemisection therapy.
Premolar
Mandibular molar
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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Impaction
Mandibular molar
Fibroma
Impacted tooth
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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To detail two different clinical protocols and case studies using mini-implant anchorage developed to respond to certain clinical conditions.Two clinical protocols are described to upright mesially tilted mandibular molars. In the first protocol, a single mini-implant is inserted distally to the molar to be uprighted, and an elastic traction chain is applied to the tooth. In the second clinical approach, two mini-implants are inserted mesially. A screw-suspended TMA sectional archwire is applied (Derton-Perini technique). Two cases, descriptive of the two different treatment protocols, are described. In the first case, the mandibular right second premolar was missing and the adjacent first molar needed to be uprighted. A single screw was inserted distally to the first molar, and an elastic chain was applied. In the second case, the mandibular left second molar was missing and the third molar needed to be uprighted. Two mini-implants were inserted mesially and a fully screw-supported sectional archwire was used to upright and bodily mesialize the third molar.Both uprighting approaches uprighted the molar axis without loss of anchorage.The two approaches to mandibular molar uprighting, developed as rational responses to different clinical cases, were both found to be effective.
Premolar
Mandibular molar
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Radix entomolaris (RE) is a common variation present in mandibular first molars, in which on the ligual aspect we can find an extra root. But it’s extremely rare to find an additional root in mandibular second molars. So understanding and being aware of this uncommon variant, helps to do endodontic therapy in a better way. Prognosis of mandibular molars with this root canal morphology will depend on an accurate diagnosis and careful application of clinical endodontic skill. This case report discusses endodontic management of one such rare case with RE in mandibular second molar.
Keywords: Radix entomolaris, Mandibular second molar, Root canal treatment
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AIM:To investigate the stress distribution of alveolar bone caused by four kinds of fixed prosthesis design for first mandibular molar after hemisection. METHODS:The photoelastic model of normal mandibular first molar in D area was selected as the control group. Photoelastic stress freeze sectioning analysis was employed to investigate the stress distribution around the reserved distal root of the first mandibular molar with four kinds of fixed prosthesis designs. After the hemisection,the restorations of combined crowns of the second mandibular premolar,the first and second mandibular molars,combined crowns of the second mandibular premolar and first mandibular molar com-bined crowns of the first and second mandibular molars and single crown of the first mandibular molar were designed. RESULTS:The stress peak value of the combined crowns of the second mandibular premolar and first mandibular molar was nearly equal to that of the combined crowns of the second mandibular premolar,the first and second mandibular molars and it was slightly larger than that of the control group. The stress peak value of the combined crowns of the first and second mandibular molars was twice of the control group,while in the models of the single crown,the value was over 3 times of the control group. CONCLUSIONS:The restoration of the combined crown of the second mandibular premolar and first mandibular molar,is well as the combined crown of the second mandibular premolar,the first and second mandibular molars are more applicable for the reserved root following the hemisection therapy.
Premolar
Mandibular molar
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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Although the presence of three root canals is the most common configuration of mandibular molars there are many other configurations. Though there are many reports of mandibular first molars with 5 canals, it is very rarely seen in the mandibular second molar. This report presents a case of unusua l root canal morphology of the mandibular second molar with 5 root canals and its endodontic management.
Mandibular molar
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
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