Intentions to participate in cervical and colorectal cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study
Rebecca WilsonHarriet Quinn-ScogginsYvonne MoriartyJacqueline HughesMark GoddardRebecca Cannings‐JohnVictoria WhitelockKatriina L. WhitakerDetelina GrozevaJulia TownsonKirstie OsborneStephanie SmitsMichael RoblingJulie HepburnGraham MooreArdiana GjiniKate BrainJo Waller
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Abstract Worldwide, cancer screening faced significant disruption in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. If this has led to changes in public attitudes towards screening and reduced intention to participate, there is a risk of long-term adverse impact on cancer outcomes. In this study, we examined previous participation and future intentions to take part in cervical and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening following the first national lockdown in the UK. Overall, 7543 adults were recruited to a cross-sectional online survey in August-September 2020. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify correlates of strong screening intentions among 2,319 participants eligible for cervical screening and 2,502 eligible for home-based CRC screening. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of 30 participants. Verbatim transcripts were analysed thematically. Of those eligible, 74% of survey participants intended to attend cervical screening and 84% intended to complete home-based CRC screening when next invited. Thirty percent and 19% of the cervical and CRC samples respectively said they were less likely to attend a cancer screening appointment now than before the pandemic. Previous non-participation was the strongest predictor of low intentions for cervical (aOR 26.31, 95% CI: 17.61-39.30) and CRC (aOR 67.68, 95% CI: 33.91-135.06) screening. Interview participants expressed concerns about visiting healthcare settings but were keen to participate when screening programmes resumed. Intentions to participate in future screening were high and strongly associated with previous engagement in both programmes. As screening services recover, it will be important to monitor participation and to ensure people feel safe to attend.Keywords:
Pandemic
Cervical screening
Cancer screening
Colorectal cancer screening
Cross-sectional study
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women especially in the developing world. This study examined the awareness and the attitude of women towards cervical cancer screening in Agbowo Primary Health Centre in Ibadan, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional study design and convenient sampling, a questionnaire was administered to collect data from 100 women who utilised postnatal and immunization services in the health centre. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation at significance level of P<0.05. The findings showed that the majority (52%) of the participants were aware of cervical cancer, 58% were aware of cervical cancer screening but only 5.0% had utilised cervical cancer screening services. There was significant positive relationship (r=0.369; P=0.001) between awareness and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services and educational background and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services (P=0.002) as well as economic status and use of the screening services (r=0.276; P=0.001). Attitude and uptake of cervical cancer screening services also showed a positive correlation (r=0.276; P<0.006). some of the factors that influenced uptake include lack of awareness about where to get screened, cost, attitude of health workers and delay in hospitals. The study has shown that cervical cancer screening uptake is still very poor, although, the awareness of cervical screening was fairly high. There is no doubt that education improve uptake of cervical cancer screening. There is still the need to create more awareness and make the services available so as to improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening.
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Although cervical cancer is preventable, it continues to pose a significant health concern in the Philippines as evidenced by high cervical cancer diagnosis rates. The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate low cervical cancer screening rates and the effectiveness of educational interventions in increasing awareness and screening rates. A literature review will examine topics such as low cervical cancer screening rates, cervical cancer screening methods, and barriers. This research proposal involves a quasi-experimental study that investigates education as an intervention for increasing cervical cancer awareness and cervical cancer screening rates. Fifty Filipino women will be randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. Inferential and descriptive statistics will be used to evaluate the outcomes of the study.
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This study aimed to evaluate reasons behind nonuptake of cervical cancer screening by women who are aware of cervical cancer screening in southeast Nigeria.Women attending gynecologic clinics of 3 health institutions in Enugu, Nigeria, were interviewed by means of a questionnaire to determine those who were aware of cervical cancer screening. The biodemographic characteristics and level of knowledge of cervical cancer screening of women who underwent a previous screen were compared with those of women who did not undergo a previous screen. Reasons for nonuptake of cervical cancer screening as well as potential reasons for undertaking cervical cancer screening were also extracted.A total of 3712 women were interviewed. Of these respondents, 2048 (55.2%) were aware of cervical cancer screening.Only 19.0% of those who were aware of cervical cancer screening underwent a previous screen. Level of knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, university education, and age had a significant impact on the uptake of cervical cancer screening. Poor health-seeking behavior and fear of violation of privacy are the major reasons for nonuptake of cervical cancer screening. Potential reasons for uptake of cervical cancer screening include development of symptoms, adequate educative information, and physician's recommendation.Women in southern Nigeria do not go for cervical cancer screening because of poor understanding of cervical cancer prevention, feeling of violation of the privacy of their genitals, and poor health-seeking behavior. There is a need to modify current policy approaches to cervical cancer prevention in Nigeria. Policies that will address the privacy violation fears and poor health-seeking behavior of the Nigerian woman as well improve the level of educative information on cervical cancer prevention need to be evolved.
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This article aims to update nurses who are experienced in obtaining cervical samples and stimulate interest in health professionals who wish to undertake the procedure in the future. It also provides information on the NHS cervical screening programme and its relevance in the reduction of cervical cancer. It should help the reader to understand the nature, importance and prevention of cervical cancer, and the techniques for detection and treatment of pre-cancer.
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Objective To understand female outpatients' recognition towards cervical cancer screening and their related attitudes and behaviors so as to provide theoretical basis for nursing intervention aimed at improving the rate of cervical cancer screening.Methods 1116 female outpatients at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were investigated with random sampling method by using a questionnaire of cervical cancer screening knowledge and related attitudes and behaviors.Results The cognitive aspects of cervical cancer screening rates were different among different ages,cultures,incorne women,differences were statistically significant(χ2=42.377,138.7,32.519,P<0.01).This study demonstrated patients with high-level education and good economic situation knew more about cervical cancer screening. Most of them (76.3%) approved the view of Early detection of cervical cancer could improve survival. But only 47.5% patients approved Screening could detect the cervical cancer early, and 45.3% patients were willing to accept the cervical cancer screening. 43.8% patients had received the cervical cancer screening, and only 4.9% patients received the screening annually.The cervical cancer screening rates were different ages,cultures,income women,differences were statistically significant(χ2=16.155,9.052,28.801,P<0.01).Conclusions Outpatients' knowledge about the cervical cancer screening is insufficient, patients with low-level education and poor economic situation know less about cervical cancer screening and the rate of their accepted cervical cancer screening is low. Nursing staff should help them establish a positive attitude, improve their cognition towards cervical cancer screening, and take different methods to provide health education of cervical cancer screening based on their actual conditions so as to improve the low rate of cervical cancer screening.
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Cervical cancer; Screening; Knowledge, belief and practice; Outpatients
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Background: In spite of effective screening methods, cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem in India. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening among women, it also focuses on the reasons for not undergoing regular screening and the effect of counseling for the same.Method: 400 women were randomly enrolled from the women attending/visiting/working at a tertiary hospital. They were asked questions related to cervical cancer. All answers were obtained verbally and recorded in the questionnaire by the same investigator.Results: Out of 400 women, only 103 were aware of cervical cancer as well as its screening, and only 10 of them were undergoing regular screening. Among those who were aware of cervical cancer, majority (95.14%) were health care workers and most of them got this knowledge form their textbooks. After counseling, all except 6 women were willing for regular screening. The reason for refusal for the same was either they believed they were not at risk or they found pelvic examination uncomfortable.Conclusions: The study found that women had poor knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening. Awareness was higher among the women who had received higher education or were healthcare workers. However, cervical cancer screening rate was low even in these women. Government and health care professionals need to actively promote awareness of the risk factors of cervical cancer and encourage women to undergo regular Pap smear as a cervical cancer screening method.
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Cervical cancer is the 11th most common cancer in women. Cervical screening aims to reduce the number of women who develop invasive cervical cancer and, consequently, the number of deaths caused by cervical cancer, by regularly screening women so that cervical abnormalities that might otherwise develop into invasive cancer can be identified and treated. GPs play an important role in raising awareness of cervical cancer and ensuring that women are provided with the necessary information and advice to assist them in making an informed choice about attending cervical screening appointments.
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Although cervical cancer is preventable, it continues to pose a significant health concern in the Philippines as evidenced by high cervical cancer diagnosis rates. The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate low cervical cancer screening rates and the effectiveness of educational interventions in increasing awareness and screening rates. A literature review will examine topics such as low cervical cancer screening rates, cervical cancer screening methods, and barriers. This research proposal involves a quasi-experimental study that investigates education as an intervention for increasing cervical cancer awareness and cervical cancer screening rates. Fifty Filipino women will be randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. Inferential and descriptive statistics will be used to evaluate the outcomes of the study.
Cancer screening
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