Proteomic analysis of overweight/obesity and related abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism caused by phlegm-dampness retention
1
Citation
42
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
To investigate the proteomic characteristics of overweight/obesity and related abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism caused by phlegm-dampness retention to identify related biomarkers. Seventy-one subjects were enrolled in the study. We assessed blood glucose, blood lipids, body mass index (BMI), and phlegm-dampness pattern, which was confirmed by a traditional Chinese medicine clinician. Of the participants, we included healthy participants with normal weight (NW, n = 23), overweight/obese participants with normal metabolism (ONM, n = 19), overweight/obese participants with pre-diabetes (OPD, n = 12), and overweight/obese participants with marginally-elevated blood lipids (OML, n = 17). Among them, the ONM, OPD, and OML groups were diagnosed with phlegm-dampness pattern. The data-independent acquisition (DIA) method was first used to analyze the plasma protein expression of each group, and the relevant differential proteins of each group were screened. The co-expressed proteins were evaluated by Venn analysis. The pathway analyses of the differential proteins were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was used to verify the differential and common proteins in each group. After comparing ONM, OPD, and OML groups with NW group, we identified the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Next, we determined the DEPs among OPD, OML, and ONM groups. Using Venn analysis of the DEPs in each group, 24 co-expressed proteins were screened. Two co-expressed proteins were verified by PRM. IPA analysis showed that pathways including LXR/RXR activation, acute phase response signaling, and FXR/RXR activation were common to all three groups of phlegm-damp overweight/obesity participants. However, the activation or inhibition of these pathways was different among the three groups. Participants with overweight/obesity have similar proteomic characteristics, though each type shows specific proteomic characteristics. Two co-expressed proteins, VTN and ORM1, are potential biomarkers for glucose and lipid metabolism diseases with overweight/obesity caused by phlegm-dampness retention.Keywords:
Phlegm
Pathway Analysis
Omics
Omics
Precision oncology
Pathway Analysis
Cite
Citations (2)
The coexistence of phlegm and blood stasis was closely related to many serious illness.The obstructed Yang Qi was one of the key mechanisms of the simultaneous occurrence and development of phlegm and blood stasis.Activating yang may be a good new entry point for treating coexistence of phlegm and blood stasis besides invigorating the circulation of blood and reducing phlegm.
Phlegm
Blood stasis
Blood circulation
Cite
Citations (0)
Chinese medicine thinks that phlegm is the root of formation of bronchial asthma. The use of phlegm method in the treatment of bronchial asthma has a long history and the curative effect is remarkable. The paper summarizes the effect of the phlegm method used in the treatment of bronchial asthma from the perspective of dispelling wind and expelling phlegm,clearing lung and eliminating phlegm,promoting blood circulation and resolving phlegm. The article also expounds the possible mechanism of the phlegm method used in the treatment of bronchial asthma by thinking of modern science.
Phlegm
Blood stasis
Cite
Citations (0)
The theoretical basis of phlegm and blood stasis caused by coronary heart disease,phlegm and blood stasis caused by coronary heart disease etiology,pathogenesis,phlegm and blood stasis on the Treatment of coronary heart disease and other paper from phlegm and coronary heart disease.That the treatment of coronary heart disease with phlegm and blood stasis,phlegm and blood stasis should both spleen Qi,Liver Qi, warm kidney yin.
Phlegm
Blood stasis
Pathogenesis
Etiology
Blood circulation
Cite
Citations (0)
Stroke(cerebral infarction) comlicated with snoring sleep is usually characterized by deficinecy in the root and excess in the branch.Its basic pathogenesis is due to deficency of vescera,insufficiency of kidney essence,dysfunction of qi activity and failure in transportation and distribution of body fluid,and then phlegm blended with blood stasis blocking brain collaterals.The principle therapy for stroke is simultaneous removing of phlegm and blood stasis.For patients with obvious phlegm and dampness,warming spleening and awakening brain shoud be used;for patients with obvious phlegm-fire,cleaning liver and calming wind should be used;for patients with abundant wind phlegm,eliminating phlegm for resuscitation should be used;for patients with kidney deficinecy complicated with phlegm,tonifying kidney and resolving phlegm should be used.
Phlegm
Blood stasis
Stroke
Cite
Citations (0)
The ‘removing phlegm drugs' discussed in this article referred to the single drug recorded in the material medica literatures which had the function ofremoving phlegm, resolving phlegm, clearing away phlegm, purging phlegm, sweeping away phlegm, eliminating phlegm, opening phlegm, plundering phlegm, clearing-up phlegm, draining offphlegm, lowering phlegm, purging phlegm, dispersing phlegm.The understanding and application ofthe removing phlegm drugs in TCM had long history.Lots ofrelated contents were recorded in the material medica literatures and ancient medical books.Systematical summary and theoretical research were needed.The author classified the common removing phlegm drugs into clearing the heat phlegm drugs, warm removing the cold phlegm drugs, drying dampness to resolve phlegm drugs, moisturizing dryness to resolve phlegm drugs, stopping wind to resolve phlegm drugs, regulating Qi to resolve drugs, relieving food retention to resolving phlegm drugs, resolving phlegm and relieving depression drugs, resolving phlegm and opening orifice drugs.The summary and discussion ofthe drugs would provide reference to the removing phlegm drugs application ofthe clinical doctors on the prevention and treatment ofthe phlegm diseases.
Phlegm
Cite
Citations (0)
In this paper,the source of phlegm and blood stasis,phlegm,blood stasis and the relationship between phlegm accumulating with blood stasis were explored,considering the orifices obstructed by blood stasis and phlegm is one of the important pathogenesis.
Phlegm
Blood stasis
Pathogenesis
Cite
Citations (0)
Based on cross sectional data from a general population of 5,817 people aged 14 to 61, objective overweight is compared with perceived overweight, and information is provided on morbidity due to being overweight, and on what people are doing to try to lose weight. We found that 10 percent of this population are moderately overweight and 12 per cent are severely overweight (although 41 per cent perceive they are overweight). Being overweight is associated with poorer functional status (e.g., overweight is given as the main reason for functional limitations by 13 per cent of people with such limitations) and with considerable pain, worry, and restricted activity because of this condition (e.g., 88 per cent of people who believe they are overweight worry at least a little about it). Only about 7 per cent of those who perceive they are overweight are under a doctor's care to lose weight. If physicians wish to assume a larger role in caring for overweight people, the nature of their role must be carefully evaluated.
Worry
Cite
Citations (175)
The article points that phlegm diseases should not only be summarized into pathological products resulting from disturbance of water metabolism in the body,but be expressed as pathological products resulting from the essence of the water and food can not become Qi,blood and body fluids.The concept on the difference of visible phlegm and invisible phlegm is wrong.Phlegm is pathological links of diseases,should not be classified as a secondary pathogen.In the textbook of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine,phlegm and fluid retention should be discussed separately; their concepts,pathogens and pathogenic characteristics should not be discussed together.But we think the discussion of visible phlegm and invisible phlegm should be substituted as discussion of the difference between phlegm and phlegm diseases.
Key words:
Phlegm; Body fluids; Secondary pathogen
Phlegm
Cite
Citations (0)
This paper discusses the etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment from the perspectives of phlegm and blood-stasis, and studies the correlation between phlegm and blood-stasis. Results: Latent phlegm is the root cause and blood-stasis makes it difficult to cure; combination of phlegm and blood-stasis make it recur. It is indicated that childhood asthma should be treated through phlegm and blood-stasis.
Phlegm
Blood stasis
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Cite
Citations (0)