Removal effects of different emergent-aquatic-plant groups on Cu, Zn, and Cd compound pollution from simulated swine wastewater
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The resources investigation of wild ornamental plants was conducted systematically for the first time in Fujian province. 1 506 species of wild ornamental plants were observed and classified into 9 categories, which were ornamental-flower plants, foliage plants, fruit-effect plants, plants with ornamental trunks and branches, climbing plants, bamboos, ferns, water plants and ground covers. By psychophysics method, the evaluation of ornamental value of flower plants was carried out. 142 species that have higher ornamental value of development potentials have been chosen out of 765 species for further application in gardening.
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The species of aquatic plants and their application of landscape in different water environment of Haizhu Lake were studied in present paper.The ornamental characteristics of chief aquatic plants and their configuration were discussed.
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Florida has a unique and diverse aquaculture industry consisting of ornamental fish, food fish, shellfish, alligators, aquatic plants, and more. Although some aquatic plants are produced for food or wetland restoration, most aquatic plant production in Florida is for the water garden and aquarium industries. There are over 1000 different species and varieties of ornamental aquatic plants produced in Florida. Since most ornamental aquatic plants are tropical in origin, Florida’s warm climate makes it ideal for growing them year-round. This publication covers ornamental aquatic plant production in Florida including permitting and licensing, production techniques, farm design, pests and diseases, and marketing.
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By surveying the wild plants in Wuling Mountain,the present wile woody ornamental plants species are preliminary counted.The results show that there are totally 67 families,142 genera,198 species in wild woody ornamental resources.And according to ornamental characters,they are classified into four classes:ornamental fl ower,ornamental fruits,ornamental leaf and ornamental posture.Some suggestions are put forward that the high ornamental value plants of exploitation and utilization must be built upon the protection of resources.
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In the contaminative soil of cadmium and zinc,the different concentration of cadmium and zinc influence alfalfa′s quality and cadmium content.The research indicate,when the concentration of cadmium increase,the content of cadmium in alfalfa increase.Zinc depress the absorption of cadmium.The cadmium concentration in soil and alfalfa is a liner response.The low concentration cadmium in soil accelerate the protein,the high concentration cadmium in soil depress the protein,The research indicate: It′s feasible to plant alfalfa in the low concentration of cadmium.
CADMIUM EXPOSURE
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For quantitativly evaluating the ornamental value of wild herbage flowers,a convenient application scoring systems on the wild herbage flowers was suggested by analyzing the leaves,flowers,fruits and shapes characters,and each character was gave 30 quantitative score,totally 120 score.With the scoring systems,ornamental characteristics of 18 wild herbage flowers were evaluated quantitatively.It was found that the variable score range from 21.5 to 65,in which the variable range of seven herbages for foliage-ornamental were 21.5～61,seven herbages for flower-ornamental were 38～65,and four herbages for fruit-ornamental were 30～55.According to the quantitative score,the highest ornamental value of the herbages for foliage-ornamental,flower-ornamental and fruit-ornamental are Rhaphidophora decursiva,Dalphimun omeiense and Thladiantha nudiflora respectively;and the the lowest ornamental value are Adiantum caudatum,Phragmites australis and Setaria viridis respectively.The herbage flowers with higher ornamental value could be selected by the method for introduction and domestication,then applied in landscape gardens.
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Setaria viridis
Phragmites
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Experiments of phytoremediation of Cd2+ contaminated water by ornamental aquatic plants including Gymnocorovis spilanthoides,Myriophyllum aquaticm and Oenanthe javanica were carried out.The results shown that different ornamental aquatic plants differently remove Cd2+ from different concentrations Cd2+ contaminated water(Cd2+ 0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0 mg/L).The efficiency of removal Cd2+ is Gymnocorovis spilanthoidesOenanthe javanicaMyriophyllum aquaticm.Cd2+ was harmful to those plants badly and the high concentration of Cd2+ can disturb the plants natural growth.Sensitivity to Cd2+ of these ornamental aquatic plants is Myriophyllum aquaticmOenanthe javanicaGymnocorovis spilanthoides;In the water with different concentrations of Cd2+ contaminated,the ability to absorb Cd2+ of these plants are Gymnocorovis SpilanthoidesOenanthe javanicaMyriophyllum aquaticm;In a word,Gymnocorovis spilanthoides was the best phytoremediational plant in Cd2+ contaminated water among these three ornamental aquatic plants.
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Myriophyllum
Contaminated water
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Using methods of literature searches and wild survey,the ornamental value of vine in Central China was studied.The results showed as follows: ① 757 species were of ornamental value among 784 vine species,which accounted for 96.56 % of total vine species,and the leaf ornamental,flower ornamental,fruit ornamental,stem ornamental vine species was 692,407,510 and 6 respectively in Central China.② 147 vine genus were of ornamental value,and the leaf ornamental,flower ornamental,fruit ornamental,stem ornamental vine genus was 129,86,91 and 5 respectively in Central China.③ The vine genus with 1,2,3,4 ornamental types was 25,82,38 and 2 respectively in Central China.Based on the results of this study,it could be concluded that most vine species was of ornamental value and its application potential was tremendous.
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Despite itbeing a plentiful resource, there has been no research conducted onwild ornamental climbers in central Zhejiang Province. The purpose was to analyze and evaluate the ornamental characteristics of wild ornamental climber resources in central Zhejiang Province and to put forward suggestions for their exploration,utlization, and protection. Based on a typical survey and classificationmethods forthese wild ornamental climbers,three groups in central Zhejiang Province were established. These were wild ornamental climbers 1) with comparatively high ornamental value observed inthe fieldwith two ormore ornamental functionsorgarden purposes,2) that have an ornamental value recorded in the literature or that are already being utilized, and 3)with special
garden purposes orornamental effects. The three groups ofwild ornamental climberswere divided into three classes according to their ornamental flowers, fruits, and leaves. Each of these three classes was then subdivided into evergreen and deciduous categories. Results of the field survey indicated that there were 52 species of wild ornamental climbers, belonging to 27 genera of 17 families. Among these, 33 were ornamental flowers(19 evergreen and 14 deciduous), 6 were ornamental fruits(3 evergreen and 3 deciduous), and 13 were ornamental leaves(5 evergreen and 8 deciduous). Ornamental characteristics and garden purposes of the wild ornamental climberswere also listed.[Ch, 3 tab. 19 ref.]
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According to investigation, there exits 386 species of wild poisonous plant with ornamental value(including plant level), belonging to 84 families and 186 genera on the wild ornamental plants in Fujian province. And basing on the toxicity, the main toxic ingredients, the poison and ornamental characteristics etc, 242 species which have poisonous ornamental parts, are further selected to be statistically analyzed. Finally the corresponding suggestions on protection and development were put forward, for the rational utilization of the wild poisonous ornamental plants in Fujian region.
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