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    Improved calibration method for refraction errors in multibeam bathymetries with a wider range of water depths
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    The maneuverability of a satellite to perform nadir and off-nadir offers an excellent opportunity for gathering valuable information in the time of disaster events. This paper aims to compare how LAPAN-A3 spectral quality changed with different acquisition modes. Three scenes of LAPAN-A3 with different acquisition modes ranging from nadir to extreme off-nadir mode were analyzed. Using Sentinel-2A Multispectral Instrument data as the reference, geometric co-registration was performed, and the Root Mean Square Error was kept at maximum (<; 2.5 pixels). Pseudo-invariant features were selected semi-automatically using threshold values based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Water Index. The digital number produced then compared to Sentinel-2A data. Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as linear regression, was calculated for four corresponding bands. Generally, the results show a decreased correlation value between the corresponding datasets as the roll-angle increased. The correlation value went down from 0.623 (Off-Nadir) to 0.497 (Extreme off-nadir) on Near-infrared band.
    Nadir
    A solution is given for determining the refraction effect according to Fermat's Principle for the case of shallow water waves moving in any given distribution of current and depth. Application is made to an analytic model of an intense rip current, and the results are compared to actual rips.
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    This paper presents an analysis and discussion of the Nadir return in the context of radar timing. Results obtained during the Commissioning Phase of TerraSAR-X in verification and measurement of Nadir return and timing margins are shown. Pre-launch assumptions about the Nadir margins were verified and optimized, which led to an improvement in the timing commanding, i.e. a relaxing of the timing. By means of three early acquired TerraSAR-X images which contain Nadir returns their characteristic properties are shown and explained.
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    Son yillarda, nadir metal yataklarinin olusumunda rol oynayan, tektonik,, magmatik ve Mdrotennal islevlerin daha iyi anlasilmis olmasi bu yataklara olan ilgiyi yeniden, canlandirmis, arastirmalarin bu yonde yogunlasmasina yol acmistir. Genel olarak Nadir Toprak veya, Nadir Elementler terimi tantalyum» niobyum, lityum, berilyum» zirkonyum gibi elementlerle, birlikte itriyum ve lantanyumdan lutetiyuma kadar1 olan nadir toprak elementleri ifade eder,. Dogada bilinen, pek cok nadir metal minerali icinde cesitli oranlarda toryum ve uranyum iceren, nadir toprak mineralleri dana fazla arastirma konusu olmustur
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    In his Study on Afsharid Historiography, Ernest Tucker has Shown that Nadir Shah's chroniclers depicted him as the restorer of the Safavid dynasty, and appealed to notions of Safavid legitimacy in their histories. One chronicler, Muhammad Kazim Marvi, accomplished this partly by relating how Nadir Shah found a tablet (lawḥ) upon which Timur had inscribed instructions for Nadir Shah. Although Marvi was predominantly appealing to Safavid legitimacy, in the process he also linked Nadir's name with Timur. Laurence Lockhart notes a number of similarities between Nadir and Timur, indicating instances where Nadir seems to have modeled his reign on Timur's. These include (1) Nadir's naming his grandson Shahrukh, (2) Nadir's wife and Timur's daughter-in-law (wife of Shahrukh) both sharing the same name, Gawhar Shad, and (3) Nadir's use of certain Timurid military tactics.
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    Historiography
    Inscribed figure
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    No previous study clearly demonstrated the association between the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) nadir and the absolute monocyte count (AMC) nadir among patients undergoing chemotherapy.We retrospectively reviewed patients with an incurable lung cancer in two university hospital who were treated with platinum doublet or triplet. In this study, the nadir was defined as the lowest value during days 1-22.We observed 75 patients: 61 men (81%) and 14 women (19%), median age of 69 years. The number of days that elapsed between the first day of chemotherapy and the median ANC nadir of 12 days was longer than that for AMC nadir of 6 (Wilcoxon signed rank test: P < 0.001). The number of days that elapsed between the first day of chemotherapy and the AMC nadir was the only factor that had a significant correlation with that for ANC nadir (Spearman's rank correlation: r = 0.34, P = 0.003). Among 75 patients, 23 (31%) had an ANC at nadir <1000/μL. AMC at nadir of 100/μL predicted an ANC at nadir <1000/μL with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 56%.Both neutrophils and monocytes are differentiated from a common progenitor, a granulocyte macrophage colony forming cell, which can provide good explanation for the association between ANC and AMC nadirs. We would like to recommend physicians to observe the AMC nadir to predict the timing and severity of the ANC nadir.
    Nadir
    Absolute neutrophil count
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    Experimental studies of positive growth have generally neglected the possibility that painful (nadir) experiences can have beneficial effects. Between 36% and 44% of 36 state college students reported basically positive effects resulting from their nadir experiences. Also, 39% of the Ss stated that nadir effects were more important than peak (most wonderful, happy experiences) effects. These data provide support for Maslow's contention that suffering can have beneficial effects and suggest that more attention should be given to nadir effects, both in investigations of positive growth and in diagnostic studies related to peaks and nadirs
    Nadir
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