Morpho-Biochemical Parameters Associated with Resistance to Pod Borer Complex of Pigeonpea
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Abstract:
Host plant resistance is an important component for minimizing the losses due to the pod borer,
Helicoverpa armigera and other pod borer complex. Among pod borer, which is the most devastating pest
of pigeonpea. An understanding of different morphological and biochemical components of resistance is
essential for developing strategies to breed for resistance to insect pests. morphological and biochemical
components associated with expression of resistance to pod borer complex in Pigeonpea hybrids and
cultivars to identify accessions with a diverse combination of characteristics associated with resistance
to this pest. Among the genotypes ICPH 3461, ICPH 3762, BSMR 853, ICPL 332 WR, ICPH 2740,
ENT 11 showed least preference for pod borer complex as compared to susceptible check ICPL 87. In
context to morphological factors pod wall thickness, trichome density of type C and D on calyx and
pod with correlation coefficient (r) (-0.508*), ( -0.717**, -0.748**), (-0.810**, -0.749**) exhibited a
strong negative association with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Among the biochemical
factors protein, sugar content in pigeonpea seeds exhibited significant positive correlation with correlation
coffecient (r) being (0.710**, 0.843**), respectively with percent pod damage by pod borer complex.
Whereas, total phenols, tannins, total flavonoids present in seeds showed significant negative correlation
with correlation coffecient (r) being (-0.729**, - 0.650**, -0.783**), respectively with percent pod
damage by pod borer complex. Thus genotypes with maximum pod wall thickness, high non glandular
trichome density and high phenol, tannins, flavonoids content in pigeonpea genotypes showed tolerance
to pod borer complex.Keywords:
Trichome
Antibiosis
Calyx
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HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE SUMMARY The genotypic and phenotypic correlations of green pod yield with different components were estimated from 40 genotypes of vegetable cowpea. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations agreed closely with each other. Yield contributing character number of pods per plant had positive and highly significant association with green pod yield per plant at phenotypic level. Phenotypic interrelationship between days to 50 @ flowering and days to 1st pod picking was negatively significant with green pod yield. The genotypic and phenotypic path analysis revealed the high to moderate direct effect of green pod yield per plant with number of pods per plant and pod length. Therefore, number of pods per plant and pod length was important component for improving green pod yield in vegetable cowpea.
Path coefficient
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Arachis hypogaea
Arachis
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Twenty six genotypes of pigeonpea were evaluated for 13 agro-morphological characters. Statistical analysis was carried out for estimation of various parameters. The ICPL-87 being shortest genotypes possessed the minimum number of branches, minimum pod weight, lowest 100-seed weight, shortest root length, lowest biological yield per plant and minimum yield per plant. Among all the genotypes, NDA-1 was the tallest genotype. The highest harvest index was showed by NDA-2009-1. Considering the performance of all the genotypes for important characters, including yield, the genotypes; NDA-2009-1, PUSA-992, DA-10-2, MAL-6, ICPL-87 and BRG-2 were promising. Root weight showed very high estimate of genetic advance (85.53%). The value of genetic advance was lowest for root length (20.89%). The residual effect (0.064) indicated that the thirteen characters included in this study explain 93.6 per cent of variation in yield in this population. Plant height, pod weight, root weight and harvest index were positively associated with seed yield simultaneously with positive direct effect. Therefore, direct selection against this character would be effective for seed yield improvement in pigeonpea.
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Non-invasive ventilation
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Characterization and Identification of Selection Indices of Pole Type Dolichos Bean Twelve genotypes of pole type dolichos bean ( Lablab purpureus var. typicus ) were evaluated for their genetic variability and character association among nine quantitative traits under the Gangetic plains of eastern India. The study revealed significant variation in days to 50% flowering (57-115), length of pod (7.15-15.05 cm), breadth of pod (1.44-3.11 cm), weight of pod (2.92-8.92 g), 100 seed weight (22.2-45.50 g), number of pods/plant (768.3-1897), protein content of pod (0.70-5.45%) and pod yield/plant (5.07-12.21 kg). Genotypes showed differential reaction against Cercospora leaf spot and dolichos yellow mosaic virus. High yielding genotypes generally showed fewer incidences of diseases than the poor yielding genotypes. Characters like number of protein content of pod, number of pods/plant, breadth of pod, weight of pod and pod yield/plant exhibited high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean indicating that such situation may arise due to the action of additive genes controlling the characters. From the correlation and path coefficient analysis, it revealed that the top priority should be given to selection based on the weight of pod, 100 dry seed weight and number of pods per plant for green pod yield improvement and could be considered while formulating selection indices in the improvement of pole type dolichos bean.
Dolichos
Lablab purpureus
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Abstract From a study of 108 cowpea genotypes, plant height, dry matter yield, pod length and seeds/pod could be improved by direct selection and these are associated with seed yield. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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The objective of the present experiment was to select the physiologically efficient genotype(s) on the basis of morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics in some elite germplasm lines earlier identified as drought tolerant based on pod yield during the year 2014-15. These genotypes were as follows: ISK1 2009-5, INS 2008-1, TVG 0602, ISK 2008-9, ISK 2009-19, ICGV 95386, ISK 2009-7, 0916, ISK2 2008-10, ISK 2008-18, VG 420 and ADRVT 1. Twelve genotypes were tested with three check high yielding varieties. Data were recorded on plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, total dry matter, photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E; mmol m-2 s-1) and stomatal conductance (µmol H2O m-2 s1), days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, Number of flowers per plant (Nos.), No. of pods per plant (Nos.), fertility co-efficient and pod yield (kg/ha) and protein content. Some of the genotypes showed high values for multiple physiological traits. Interestingly, only two genotypes, ISK12009-5 and ISK12009-5, showed high values for all the physiological traits. These two genotypes could be used in groundnut crop improvement programme for yield enhancement as well as in stress tolerance.
Arachis
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Stem borer resistance and grain yield are known to be quantitatively
inherited, but it is not known whether the heterotic levels observed
for resistance are translated directly to grain yield production.
Results of correlations between vigour associated with resistance and
that of mature plant traits suggest that, although most of the crosses
had lower damage levels and increased grain yield, the vigour
associated with resistance traits may not actually predict the amount
of grain yield gain obtained in the set of maize genotypes studied.
Chilo
Inbred strain
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A study was conducted to determine the genetic variability among sixty four vegetable pigeonpea genotypes for ten quantitative and quality traits. Highly significant differences existed among the genotypes for all the ten characters studied. Phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were found higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. High PCV and GCV was observed for total soluble sugars (28.73, 27.94 %) and hundred fresh bean weight (26.54, 25.87 %), respectively. PCV and GCV values were moderate for the traits viz., fresh pod length, fresh pod width, the number of beans per pod, bean length, bean width, protein content and fibre content. High heritability was observed for fresh pod length, fresh pod width, the number of beans per pod, hundred fresh bean weight and total soluble sugars. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for fresh pod length, fresh pod width, hundred fresh bean weight and total soluble sugars indicating the additive gene effect. The genotypes viz., CVPP-20-002, CVPP-20-023, CVPP-20-017, CVPP-20-031, CVPP-20-032 and CVPP-20-061 showed a good performance for quantitative and nutritional traits and were superior over the check varieties. The promising genotypes identified for different vegetable traits could be used in the breeding programme to develop vegetable/dual purpose varieties in pigeonpea. Key wordsPigeonpea, vegetable traits, nutritional analysis, genetic variability, dual purpose pigeon pea
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