Alloplastic Chin Augmentation
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The present study analyzes the position of mental foramen, in order to research possible correlations with other mandibular parameters.The study has been conducted on 76 dry mandibles, for each mandible we have measured the exact position of the mental forum respect the other mandibular parameters. Both linear and angular relations and misurations have been made.The results obtained confirm that the mental foramen maintains its position by increasing GoGn. The results did not show particularly significant aspects in comparison with the literature on the subject, thus confirming other authors' opinion.
Mental foramen
Position (finance)
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
Foramen
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Four techniques of manipulation for centric relation, including chin-point technique, three-fingers technique, bilateral technique, and MCL technique, were evaluated.It was found that three methods of manipulation including three-fingers, bilateral, and MCL techniques were equally effective to obtain the upper-most position of the condyles in centric relation. In addition, these techniques seemed to result in consistant positioning of the condyles. Although latter two techniques need some assisting for other manipulations, a choice among those three techniques might well be up to individual preference.On the other hand, centric relation obtained by chin-point tecnique was different from that obtained by three techniques mentioned. The condyles would tend to be located in the rearmost position for vast amount of the cases examined. However, in several percent of the cases, it tended to coincide with the upper-most position. When employing this technique, great care has to be made so that no locking of the condyles in the inferior position occurs.Habitual condylar position was always anterior to those of centric relation.
Centric relation
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Oral Surgical Procedures
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Centric relation
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Cephalometry
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To examine and compare the maxillofacial characteristics affecting chin deviation three-dimensionally in facial asymmetry patients with mandibular retrusion and mandibular prognathism.Maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) scan data were obtained from 48 orthognathic surgery patients (24 cases of mandibular retrusion and 24 cases of mandibular prognathism) with facial asymmetry. Although chin deviation was assessed on the basis of the ANS-to-menton line on frontal cephalograms, its contributing factors were evaluated on three-dimensional CT images. Maxillary height, ramus length, frontal ramal inclination, lateral ramal inclination, mandibular body length, and body height were defined on each side, and right-left differences were calculated and analyzed.In an assessment of chin deviation, subjects in this study showed predominantly left side deviation regardless of the group, and the degree of menton deviation did not reveal significant differences between groups. In a comparison of right-left differences in contributing factors, all values were noted to be greater in the retrusion group, except for body height, which showed no difference between chin-deviated and contralateral sides. In particular, ramus length presented a statistically significant difference between the two groups.Based on the same degree of chin deviation in mandibular prognathism and retrusion in this study, results of right-left differences in contributing factors indicate that chin deviations are expressed easily in mandibular prognathism, whereas they occur only with significant right-left differences in relevant maxillofacial structures in individuals with mandibular retrusion.
Mandibular prognathism
Prognathism
Facial symmetry
Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)
Cephalometry
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Determining the individually optimal position of the lower incisors is one of the important factors in diagnosis and treatment planning. The study compares the accuracy of a number of methods postulated by different authors. It clearly shows that regression models display the highest accuracy in predicting the optimal incisor position. The most important variables in the prognosis are ANB angle and the prominence of the chin as measured by the distance of pogonion to NB line. The best regression model is presented as a formula and in a graphical representation.
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Representation
Mandibular lateral incisor
Anterior teeth
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Facial analysis for chin deformities evaluates the perioral structures independently and their relationship to the entire face. Chin deformities in the absence of malocclusion can be treated by a genioplasty. Patient evaluation and preoperative planning and the operative technique for an osseogenioplasty are outlined with clinical reports to illustrate.
Genioplasty
Dentofacial Deformity
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Cephalometry
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The chin plays a very important role in overall facial appearance, and aesthetic procedures to augment the chin in patients with microgenia can improve overall facial balance. Many procedures exist to enhance the appearance of a small chin. Procedures include surgeries such as placement of an alloplast implant and bony osteotomy of the mentum (sliding genioplasty). The advantages and disadvantages of each surgical technique are well documented. Although surgical augmentation of the chin has been the gold standard of therapy, recent development of injectable filler products with lifting capacity has changed the way that many practitioners alter chin shape and size. Filler agents allow augmentation of the chin in horizontal (projection), vertical, and transverse dimensions. Injectable fillers are a simple, noninvasive procedure that causes minimal to no downtime, incurs minimal risks, and allows the practitioner to shape the chin in three dimensions. This procedure allows patients to enhance their chin size without requiring an operative visit. As more and varied filler products become FDA-approved, the versatility and application of these agents will increase.
Genioplasty
Augment
Filler (materials)
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