Insights into the role of hydroxyl group on carboxyl-modified MWCNTs in accelerating atenolol removal by Fe(III)/H2O2 system
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Atenolol
Atenolol
Free nerve ending
Sympathetic nerve
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Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality around the world. Many drugs used to treat hypertension have several side effects. Atenolol used to control hypertension, is an anti-beta-adrenergic agent. It has found to significantly affect the hepatic functions. Objective: To study the effects of atenolol on hepatic dysfunction by measuring AST level in hypertensive patients, taking atenolol alone or in combination with other anti-hypertensive drugs. Methods: The variation in AST level was measured upon use of atenolol alone or in combination with other anti-hypertensive drugs. Out of total 80 patients, 43 were treated with atenolol alone, 37 with atenolol in combination with other anti-hypertensive drugs and 20 were healthy controls. Micro lab tests were used for measurement of AST level. Results: Significant results were found as atenolol cause increase in AST level. Other anti-hypertensive drugs did not affect the AST levels much and the increase in AST level was more significant in patients taking atenolol alone. Conclusions: Atenolol may have efficacy in controlling hypertension, but it causes disturbance in AST levels therefore any other drug in combination with atenolol is recommended to avoid AST variation and eventually hepatic dysfunctions. Further this study may be employed on large scale for strengthening the outcomes of this study
Atenolol
Hepatic dysfunction
Essential hypertension
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1. Atenolol (ICI 66.082, Tenormin) is a new β-adrenoreceptor-blocking agent, devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilizing properties. It does not cross the blood—brain barrier. 2. Atenolol given to hypertensive patients in initial open trials reduced arterial blood pressure significantly. 3. A double-blind comparison between atenolol and placebo in forty-five patients with essential hypertension demonstrated that atenolol gave a statistically significant reduction of blood pressure (Δ 28/15 mmHg, P < 0·005). 4. The optimum anti-hypertensive dose of atenolol in patients with mild to moderately severe essential hypertension was 200 mg daily. 5. Atenolol was compared with propranolol in thirty patients with essential hypertension. No statistically significant differences of anti-hypertensive effect were observed between the two drugs. 6. Long-term results (up to 2 years) in 117 hypertensive patients indicate that drug tolerance is good. No serious toxic effects were observed. 7. In four of twelve hypertensive patients with obstructive airways disease atenolol had to be withdrawn owing to deterioration of ventilatory function.
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Atenolol
Stroke
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Atenolol [4-(2-hydroxy-isopropylaminopropoxy)-phenylacetamide], is a cardioselective beta1-adrenergic receptor blocking agent prescribed for treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. However, most of these medicines are not formulated for easy or accurate administration to children. Atenolol is unstable in solutions and therefore the development of a liquid dosage form is a significant challenge. Studies showed that the degradation rate of atenolol is dependent on the temperature, indicating higher stability at 4 degrees C. Atenolol syrup is stable for 9 days, with acceptable apearance. A second order model adequately described atenolol decomposition when stored as syrup. A stability-indicating method was developed and validated in order to evaluate these studies.
Atenolol
Stable angina
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高血圧自然発症ラット(SHR)を用い，生体内アミン代謝に関与する酵素，monoamine oxidase(MAO)活性の週齢による変動およびβ1遮断薬であるアテノロールのMAO活性に及ぼす影響について検索した．実験動物は5週齢，90 g前後の雄性sHRを用い，アテノロールは20 mg/kg，100 mg/kgを1日1回10週間経口投与し，投与2週間毎に各種臓器内MAO活性を測定した．アテノロールは週齢による血圧の上昇を投与量に応じて有意に抑制した．心拍数は8週齢で最大値を示したが，アテノロール投与によりいずれの時期においても，コントロールに比し低値を示し，特に，100 mg/kg投与で著明であった．また，アテノロール投与により心重量/体重比は低下した．実験に使用したすべての臓器においてMAO活性は5週齢に比し15週齢で上昇が認められた，アテノロール投与により心臓では投与2週で，肝臓では投与4，6週でMAO活性の増加がみられたが，投与後期ではいずれの臓器においても活性は抑制された．この抑制は，特に心臓において著明であった．アテノロール投与10週の心臓内MAOのVmax値は有意に減少したが，Km値には差はみられなかった．また，in vitroではアテノロール10-6～10-3Mで臓器内MAO活性に変化はみられなかった．アテノロールは，in vitroではMAO活性に影響を及ぼさないが，in vivoでは実験に用いたすべての臓器内MAO活性に対して増加，あるいは抑制の変化を示した．以上のことより，アテノロールはSHRにおいて血圧下降，心拍数低下等のβ-受容体遮断作用を介し，臓器内MAO活性に間接的な影響を与えているものと考えられる．
Atenolol
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The antihypertensive effect of atenolol, a new beta-1-receptor blocking agent, was studied in a double-blind trial in which 45 patients with essential hypertension were randomly assigned to placebo or atenolol treatment. Atenolol caused a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction of blood pressure. The optimum daily dose for moderately severe hypertension was considered to be 200 mg. Several irrelevant side effects were collected by the use of a check list, but there was no difference in the number of complaints during placebo and active treatment. Atenolol has a useful antihypertensive effect and, at least theoretically, has advantages over other beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
Atenolol
Essential hypertension
Blocking (statistics)
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Hypertension plays a significant role in changing Insulin parameter. They are taken as valid diagnostic markers in determining side effects of anti-hypertensive drugs. These parameters are grossly affected by the use of beta blockers which are used to control hypertension. Objective: To determine the effects of atenolol, a beta blocker on insulin when taking alone in hypertensive patients. Methods: A total of 80 patients participated in this study of which 43 patients were taking atenolol alone while 37 were taking atenolol in combination with other anti-hypertensive drugs and 20 healthy controls were included of all age groups population to make a comparison and to find variation in values of insulin levels, in patients experiencing hypertension. Medical efficacy was evaluated on the basis of variations in insulin levels upon use of anti-hypertensive medications. ELISA technique was used for conducting insulin levels. Results: We found significant results of insulin values because atenolol cause hyperglycemia Atenolol was non-significant in both groups of patients having low insulin levels due to use of atenolol alone or use of atenolol in combination therapy. Other anti-hypertensive drugs did not affect the insulin levels therefore variation is basically because of atenolol so the main focus of our study was atenolol. Conclusions: Atenolol prove efficacy but it also causes the disturbance in insulin levels therefore we recommend use of any other drug in conjunction with atenolol to avoid insulin variation due to atenolol. Further these results may be employed on large patient population for strengthening our evidences.
Atenolol
Essential hypertension
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ABSTRACT The antihypertensive effect of the selective β‐1‐adrenoceptor blocking agent, atenolol, given in doses of 100 and 200 mg once daily, was evaluated in 37 patients with primary hypertension. The drug induced an efficient reduction of BP, and in the whole patient series there was no difference in BP on either dosage. Exercise tests, performed in 10 patients, showed the same degree of partial β‐blockade 24 hours after intake of 100 and 200 mg atenolol. PRA decreased during treatment with atenolol but there was no correlation between the stimulated pretreatment renin level and the antihypertensive effect of atenolol. Side‐effects were few and 35 out of 37 patients continued on atenolol treatment. Central nervous side‐effects were not seen.
Atenolol
Primary (astronomy)
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