Microwave hydrothermal synthesis of copper induced ZnO/gC3N4 heterostructure with efficient photocatalytic degradation through S-scheme mechanism
Chandrakantha Kampalapura SwamyAbdo HezamAbhilash Mavinakere RameshDeepu Habbanakuppe RamakrishnegowdaDhananjay PurushothamK. JagadishRangappa K.S.S. Srikantaswamy
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Zinc oxide nanorods were prepared by using hydrothermal synthesis method.The effect of synthesis conditions on the properties of nanometer ZnO was studied.ZnO nanorods were obtained when using Zn4CO3(OH)6·H2O and H2O as precursor and hydrothermal media.Length-diameter ratio of ZnO nanorods decreases and UV emission and near-infrared emission intensities increase with the increasing of hydrothermal time and temperature.ZnO nanosheets were achieving when using Zn4CO3(OH)6·H2O and PEG as precursor and hydrothermal media.ZnO nanorods with length-diameter ratio of 20 and diameters of ~500 nm were prepared by using 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 as hydrothermal media.ZnO nanorods with length-diameter ratio 15 can also be obtained by using Zn(OH)2 as precursor.
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Many kinds of well-crystallized nanometer or submicron Ti-based perovskite ceramic powders were already synthesized successfully by sol-hydrothermal method at lower temperatures.In this paper,the analyses from X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and infrared spectra(IR) of products at the different stage during the process of PbTiO_3 synthesis reveal the primary mechanism of sol-hydrothermal method: sol treatment shortens the distance of reaction diffusion and promote the hydrothermal reaction.The sol-hydrothermal method can be used the preparation of many sub-micron,nanometer ceramic powders due to its lower synthesis temperature,so studies on its mechanism should avail the development of nano-powders synthesis technology.
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Core-shell nanometer TiO2/Al2O3 particles were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method,the effects of pH,temperature and time for hydrothermal process on the performance of the resulting powders were studied.The optimized reaction parameters were on the follows:The precursor's pH about 9.0 hydrothermal temperature of 260℃ holding for 3.5h.The average particle size of the product was also smaller than 20nm.The nanometer TiO2/Al2O3 particles prepared by one-step hydrothermal are well cored though the XRD,TEM and SEM characterization.The preparation also can improve the aging resistance of emulsoid.
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The functional properties of noble metal nanomaterials are determined by their size, shape, composition, architecture and crystal structure/phase. In recent years, the crystal phase control of noble metal nanomaterials has emerged as an efficient and versatile strategy to tune their properties. In this tutorial review, we will give an overview of the latest research progress in the crystal phase-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials. Moreover, the crystal phase-dependent chemical and physical properties (e.g. chemical stability, magnetic, electrical and optical properties) and catalytic applications (e.g. oxygen reduction reaction, and oxidation reactions of formic acid, methanol and carbon monoxide) of noble metal nanomaterials are also briefly introduced. Finally, based on the current research status of the crystal phase-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials, we will provide some perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging research field.
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Some hectorite sample were synthesized in hydrothermal system of LiOH-MgCl2-SiO2-H2O.The effect of synthesis parameters such as reactant ratio,hydrothermal time and hydrothermal temperature on the structure development of hectorite were discussed by using of XRD and FT-IR.The results show that hectorite could be synthesized in hydrothermal condition of 12 h and 120 ℃.With the hydrothermal time and hydrothermal temperature increasing,the crystallization of hectorite samples was more and more perfect.
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The magnesium-aluminium layered double hydroxides(Mg-Al LDHs)has been successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal approach,using MgO,Al(OH)3 as the starting materials.The influences of the reaction conditions(including hydrothermal time and hydrothermal temperature)on the crystal structure and selectivity of crystal growth in different directions of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.It has been shown that with increasing the hydrothermal time at the same hydrothermal temperature or increasing the hydrothermal temperature at the same hydrothermal time the crystallization of the LDHs increased and the particle size became larger.The size of the crystallites in direction a was larger than that in the direction c under all experimental conditions.
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Abstract K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders were rapidly synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, pressure, and reaction time on the phase compositions and micromorphology of the as-prepared powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM. The results showed that cubic-like KNN powders with high purity and perfect crystallinity were successfully synthesized at a low temperature (170 °C) for a short time (120 min) by microwave hydrothermal process.
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The spherical SnO2 crystals with micrometer scale were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process with SnCl4·5H2O as the starting materials and NaOH as the precipitant.The characterization results of XRD and TEM indicated that the morphologies and sizes of samples were influenced by hydrothermal temperature,hydrothermal time,different alkali and soft template.The possible growth mechanism of spherical structures is a self-assembly action during hydrothermal process.
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