Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Pig Farms, Slaughterhouses, and Terminal Markets in Henan Province of China
Zizhe HuZhong PengXiaoxue ZhangZugang LiChaoying JiaXiaosong LiYujin LvChen TanHuanchun ChenXiangru Wang
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Escherichia coli is an important foodborne pathogen and also plays key roles in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, current data on the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli at different nodes of the pork supplying chain are still limited. Herein, we investigated drug-resistant phenotypes and molecular characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from different pig farms, slaughterhouses, and terminal markets in the Henan Province of China. A total of 191 (70.74%), 140 (35.09%), and 77 (30.20%) E. coli strains were isolated from 270, 399, and 255 samples collected from pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retailing markets, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that these 408 strains showed severe antimicrobial resistance profiles. Approximately 93.19% (178/191), 66.43% (93/140), and 67.53% (52/77) of the isolates from farms, slaughterhouses, and terminal markets were resistant to three of the nine antibiotic classes tested, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing showed that sequence types (STs) 10 and ST101 were commonly identified among the isolates from farms, slaughterhouses, and terminal markets. Isolates belonging to these two STs carried multiple ARGs, conferring resistance to the antibiotics tested. Two important ARGs with great public health concerns (mcr-1 and blaNDM-1) were found from these two STs. Isolates belonging to these two STs also carried several virulence factor-encoding genes, including astA, tsh, and traT, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of these isolates. The wide prevalence and distribution of these two STs in different nodes of pork supplying chain might represent a big public health threat and should receive more attention.Keywords:
Multilocus sequence typing
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen associated with a variety of diseases and the prevalence of blaKPC carrying K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) is rapidly increasing. Capsule is an important virulence factor in K. pneumoniae. In this study, we determined to first systematically characterize capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and virulence traits in KPC-Kp strains. A total of 56 KPC-Kp isolates were recovered from clinical samples in a Chinese hospital, which were assigned to clonal lineages by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Capsule typing (wzi sequencing and wzc polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and virulence genes were characterized by molecular approaches. The virulence of these strains was determined by biofilm formation, serum killing resistance, phagocytosis, and infection models. Six different STs were found among 56 KPC-Kp isolates: 76.8% (43 of 56 isolates) belonged to ST11, 6 isolates belonged to ST147, 4 isolates belonged to ST15, 1 isolate belonged to ST1456, 1 isolate belonged to ST65, and 1 isolate was ST23. Based on the wzi gene DNA sequences and wzc PCR, these 56 strains were classified as capsular type wzi47-K47 (n = 37), wzi64-K64 (n = 8), wzi8-K8 (n = 4), wzi37-K37 (n = 4), wzi53-K53 (n = 1), wzi125-K2 (n = 1), and wzi1-K1 (n = 1). Heterogeneity was detected in biofilm formation and phagocytosis among different CPS types. ST11 strains were less virulent than other ST strains. KPC-Kp strains exhibit variability of virulence-associated traits. Differences were associated with the ST types and CPS.
Multilocus sequence typing
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Escherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from a bloodstream infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and T-zone lymphoma that died due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, previous studies showed that it did not have the usual characteristics of an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Instead, it belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and harbored few known virulence genes. To evaluate the pathogenic potential of strain EC121, an extensive genome sequencing and in vitro characterization of various pathogenicity-associated properties were performed. The genomic analysis showed that strain EC121 harbors more than 50 complete virulence genetic clusters. It also displays the capacity to adhere to a variety of epithelial cell lineages and invade T24 bladder cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Additionally, EC121 was shown to be virulent in the Galleria mellonella model. Furthermore, EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-2. Completing the scenario, it belongs to serotype O154:H25 and to sequence type 101-B1, which has been epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections as well as to antimicrobial resistance spread. This study with E. coli strain EC121 shows that clinical isolates considered opportunistic might be true pathogens that go underestimated.
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Abstract Background: To date, little is known about virulence characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) causing multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ). It may be these strains are rare. The aim of this study was to analyze the virulence and molecular epidemiology of 12 MDR strains from 163 PLA cases in a tertiary teaching hospital from the perspective of clinical characteristics, virulence phenotypes and genotypes. Results: The virulence phenotypes of the twelve PLA-causing MDR K. pneumoniae were similar or even more obvious than those of sensitive hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae control strains. These MDR strains were mainly non-K1/K2 serotypes and carried multiple virulence genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed the PLA-causing MDR strains had low clone correlation. Conclusions: This study was the first analysis on virulence factors of PLA-causing MDR strains. The virulent factors exhibited the coexistence of hypervirulence and multidrug resistance in PLA-causing MDR K. pneumoniae strains, and these MDR strains were mainly polyclonal spread and there was firstly found one ST11 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent strain in PLA.
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pyogenic liver abscess
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Penicillinase I-, II- and III-producing R-plasmid of Escherichia coli were transferred to Escherichia coli 177, KC-14, and 444. These strains are highly virulent in mice. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of conjugative R-plasmid on the virulence of its host strains. Escherichia coli 177 after penicillinase I- or III-producing R-plasmids transfer retained parental levels of virulence. On the other hand, penicillinase II-producing transconjugants showed reduced virulence in mice. The virulence of its revertants, in which R-plasmid was eliminated by heat, were equivalent to that of the host strain. It is suggested that the decrease in the virulence of transconjugants was not due to transferred R-plasmid. The reduced virulence of the these transconjugants may be due to alterations in their components such as the lipopolysaccharides in the cell envelope.
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Journal Article Some Characteristics of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Extraintestinal Infections of Humans Get access Barbara H. Minshew, Barbara H. Minshew Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Barbara H. Minshew, Department of Surgery RF-25, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Julius Jorgensen, Julius Jorgensen Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martha Swanstrum, Martha Swanstrum Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Grada A. Grootes-Reuvecamp, Grada A. Grootes-Reuvecamp Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stanley Falkow Stanley Falkow Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 137, Issue 5, May 1978, Pages 648–654, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/137.5.648 Published: 01 May 1978
Clinical Microbiology
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Prevalent combination of virulence and plasmidic-encoded resistance in ST 131Escherichia colistrains
Escherichia coli ST131 is an important cause of multidrug-resistant infections. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concomitant presence of resistance plasmids and pathogenicity islands (PAIs) in ST131 E. coli. From 97 extraintestinal E. coli characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production, 16% of isolates were identified as CTX-M-15 producers. These strains were studied by PFGE, MLST, and phylogroups, plasmid groups, PAIs, and plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants. MLST identified one ST10 strain from phylogroup A and the remaining isolates were ST131, from group B2. Despite the genetic variability, 64% of ST131 strains presented a profile composed by PAI IV536, PAI ICFT073, and PAI IICFT073, IncF plasmid, blaCTX-M-15, and aac(6')-lb-cr genes. The prevalent virulence and resistance profile detected among the strains may constitute an optimal combination of factors, which allow E. coli ST131 to maintain both features becoming concomitantly virulent and extremely resistant.
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli
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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most important group of
microorganisms responsible for urinary tract infection. UPEC differ
from non-pathogenic E. coli and from other E. coli pathotypes by the
production of specific virulence factors, which enable the bacteria to
adhere to uroepithelial cells and to establish urinary tract
infections. Besides adherence factors, toxins, “modulins”,
capsules, iron uptake systems and other bacterial products contribute
to the virulence of the strains. Urinary tract infection is the most
frequently diagnosed kidney and urologic disease and E. coli is by far
the most common etiologic agent. Uropathogenic strains have been shown
to contain blocks of DNA termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs) which
contribute to their virulence.
Pathogenicity island
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