Case study on environmental safety and sustainability of pharmaceutical production based on life cycle assessment of enrofloxacin
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Life cycle inventory
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): principles and practical implications for industrial projects This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. LCA enables to consider the environmental impacts of the whole production system, including upstream and downstream processes and to estimate their consequences already at the project planning stage. It was illustrated using the case study of the planned furniture production plant representing the industrial sector. The conventional simplified cradle-to-gate LCA analysis, using SimaPro software and the ReCiPe Endpoint method, was performed. It revealed that unlike the findings of EIA made with the support of traditional methods, not waste, airborne emissions and noise, but the particleboard and the fibreboard used by the planned furniture production plant have the most detrimental impact on the environment in all impact categories. The greatest damage it causes in the areas of protection of resources followed by ecosystems. The research proved high applicability of EIALCA approach for the evaluation of the environmental impacts of planned industrial projects.
Impact assessment
Industrial Ecology
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Impact assessment
Global-warming potential
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본 연구에서는 일반 앵커와 확공지압형 앵커 시스템에 대하여 전과정평가(LCA)를 수행하고 환경영향 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 평가결과를 비교 분석하여 개발된 확공지압형 앵커 시스템의 환경저감 개선효과를 확인하였다. 환경영향범주별 기여도 분석결과, 두 앵커 시스템 모두 지구온난화가 대부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 개발된 확공지압형 앵커 시스템의 환경저감효과를 확인하기 위해 환경영향범주에 대한 정규화 결과, 모든 항목에서 확공지압형 앵커 시스템의 환경성이 개선된 것으로 나타났으며, 광화학 산화물 생성분야가 77%로 가장 크게 개선되었다. 최근 지구온난화와 관련하여 전세계적으로 관심이 고조되고 있는 온실가스 배출량은 약 44% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 정량적인 환경영향평가 결과는 향후 토목분야 영구앵커 공법에 대한 환경영향평가시 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this study, quantitative environmental impact assessments of the VSL anchor and RB(Reaming and Bearing) anchor systems were conducted after a life-cycle assessment (LCA). In addition, improvements which reduce the adverse environmental effects of the RB anchor system were confirmed through comparisons with results with a VSL anchor system. Both results showed that water ecotoxicity and global warming are the most important in environmental influences. To determine the effect of reducing the RB anchor system environment, the result was normalized for the environmental impact category. Most items appeared to have been improved with regard to the RB anchor system. The most significant improvement was a 77% decrease in POC levels(photochemical oxidant creation). Greenhouse gas emissions, related to global warming, were decreased by 44%. It is expected that these quantitative environmental impact assessment results will serve as the basis of an anchor system for civil engineering and environmental impact assessments.
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Ecotoxicity
Environmental Analysis
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Scope (computer science)
Impact assessment
Quantitative assessment
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Life cycle assessment (LCA) can be utilized to evaluate the technical solutions employed in the production process to identify impacts originating not only from the production itself but also from the phases of use and end-of-life (EOL) issues. This chapter discusses thoroughly each phase of the LCA outline and reviews recent different LCA studies conducted on packaging products constructed from bio-based materials. The main elements in the first phase of LCA operation are illustrated. Life cycle inventory (LCI) is the second phase of LCA where usage of resources and materials and the consumption of fuels and energy need to be quantified. Packaging materials go through different life cycles, which then generate certain environmental impacts at different stages of the supply chain and for different environmental indicators. The third phase of the LCA framework is the life cycle impact assessment, which focuses on evaluating and understanding the environmental impacts established by the LCI analysis.
Life cycle inventory
Inventory analysis
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Life cycle inventory
Inventory analysis
Manufacturing process
Manufacturing
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For the achievement and analysis of sustainability of anthropogenic activities, ecological, economic and social aspects – the three pillars of sustainability – have to be considered. The life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) of products is the sum of life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and social LCA (SLCA). There are several options on how to integrate LCC and product-related social assessment into the sustainability analysis of products.
Life Cycle Costing
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This study aims to develop a system for assessing the impact of the substances discharged from concrete production process on six environmental impact categories, i.e., global warming (GWP), acidification (AP), eutrophication (EP), abiotic depletion (ADP), ozone depletion (ODP), and photochemical oxidant creation (POCP), using the life a cycle assessment (LCA) method. To achieve this, this study proposed an LCA method specifically applicable to the Korean concrete industry by adapting the ISO standards to suit the Korean situations. The proposed LCA method involves a system that performs environmental impact assessment on the basis of input information on concrete mix design, transport distance, and energy consumption in a batch plant. The Concrete Lifecycle Assessment System (CLAS) thus developed provides user-friendly support for environmental impact assessment with specialized database for concrete mix materials and energy sources. In the case analysis using the CLAS, among the substances discharged from the production of 24 MPa concrete, those contributing to GWP, AP, EP, ADP, ODP, and POCP were assessed to amount to 309 kg-CO₂ eq/m³, 28.7 kg-SO₂ eq/m³, 5.21 kg-PO₄3- eq/m³, 0.000049 kg-CFC11 eq/m³, 34 kg/m³, and 21 kg-Ethylene eq/m³, respectively. Of these six environmental impact categories selected for the LCA in this study, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was found to contribute most intensely to GWP and POCP, and aggregates, to AP, EP, ODP, and ADP. It was also found that the mix design with increased prop proportion of recycled aggregate was found to contribute to reducing the impact in all other categories.
Impact assessment
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Scope (computer science)
Impact assessment
Quantitative assessment
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In order to perfect the environmental impact assessment method,a study about environmental impact assessment method for domestic wood construction based on life cycle assessment and modes of life cycle assessment established by domestic and foreign scholars was conducted,four steps including goal and scope definition,inventory analysis,impact assessment and interpretation were set forth and the impact assessment for wood construction was specially introduced,the development direction of life cycle assessment for wood construction was pointed out.
Scope (computer science)
Impact assessment
Inventory analysis
Quantitative assessment
Life cycle inventory
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