[Eating out behavior and its impact on obesity among Chinese residents aged 18-59 in 2015].
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OBJECTIVE To study the eating out behavior and its impact on obesity among Chinese residents aged 18-59. METHODS Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data in 302 monitoring sites of the China National Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Nutrition Surveillance of adults in 31 provinces of China from 2015. A total of 53 887 subjects were included in this study by data cleaning. The population data published by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010 were used as a standard population of the data result for 2015. Complex sampling weighting method was adopted in data analyses. The number and percentage of cases were used to describe the eating behaviors of different characteristics of the population, Statistical analysis was conducted by using SURVEYFREQ process, and Chi-square test was used to comparative analysis. Multi-factor analysis was conducted to the relationship between eating out frequency and different characteristics and obesity by using SURVEYLOGISTIC model regression. RESULTS In 2015, proportions of eating out for all the three meals was 36. 1% of Chinese residents aged 18-59 in the past week, that of were 41. 3% and 24. 3% of Chinese residents aged 18-44 and 45-59, respectively. Proportions of Chinese residents was 12. 2% for eating out 1-6 times a week, 15. 8% for eating out 7-13 times a week, and 8. 1% for eating out 14-21 times a week. Results from the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that 18-44 years old, male, urban, highly educated, family per capita annual income ≥ 20 000 yuan, unmarried, on the job and school students chose to eat out more commonly. No statistical association was noticed between the frequency of eating out and obesity in women, men who ate out 14-21 times a week showed higher risk of obesity than those who not ate out, with OR=1. 8(95%CI 1. 3-2. 5). CONCLUSION Proportions of eating out increased for Chinese residents aged 18-59, men who ate out 14-21 times a week showed higher risk of obesity.Keywords:
Stratified Sampling
Abstract Background Diet is central to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Depending on the stage of the disease at which the recommended diet is initiated, optimal adherence can reduce HbA1c by about 1 to 2%. However, evidence on eating behavior is generally scarce including in Ethiopia. The present study aimed to assess the eating behavior of adults with T2DM in North Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 adults with T2DM from September to November 2019. Socio-demographic variables were collected using structured questionnaires; an asset-based wealth index was used to determine socioeconomic status. Three dimensions of eating behavior were assessed using Likert-type items: food selection, meal planning and calorie recognition. Raw Likert scores in each dimension were transformed to percent scales to maximum (%SM). Participants’ behavior in each dimension was categorized into healthy and unhealthy taking 66.7% SM score as a cutoff. Overall eating behavior was determined by aggregating ranks scored in the three dimensions. Correlates of overall eating behavior were identified using Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression with statistical significance set at P -value < 0.05. Result Only 1% of the participants had overall healthy eating behavior. Yet, overall unhealthy eating was apparent in 54.4%. By dimensions, healthy eating behaviors in food selection, meal planning and calorie recognition were seen in 43.5, 7.4 and 2.9% participants, respectively. Factors that were positively associated with having healthy eating behavior in one dimension relative to unhealthy in all were: receiving nutrition education [AOR 1.73; CI 1.09, 2.74], female gender [AOR 1.78; CI 1.03, 3.08] & being in 26–44 age category [AOR 3.7; CI 1.56, 8.85]. But, being in the poor [AOR 0.42; CI 0.16, 1.32] or average [AOR 0.54; CI 0.19, 1.55] socioeconomic strata were negatively associated. However, only receiving nutrition education [AOR 3.65; CI 1.31, 10.18] was significantly associated with having healthy behavior in two eating dimensions over unhealthy in all. Conclusion In North Ethiopia, the overall eating behavior of adults with T2DM is extremely poor. Diverse and integrated approaches including nutrition education during consultation should be implemented to address the gap.
Cross-sectional study
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Objective To understand the prevalence of obesity and its associations with diet, exercise
and mental health among students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide scientific basis
for the formulation of obesity intervention measures for students in this area.
Methods Stratified and cluster random sampling was used to select 186 649 students from all
12 cities and 103 banners and counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. All the
participants were divided into groups according to the BMI classification criteria
for overweight/obesity screening of Chinese school-age children and adolescents (kg/m
2). Univariate analysis was carried out by means of rectangular χ
2 test, and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression model was used to screen
the risk factors of obesity.
Results The overall obesity rate was 18.54%, the obesity rate of boys was 22.04%, and the
obesity rate of girls was 14.99%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression
analysis showed that area (
OR = 0.79), sex (
OR = 0.61), times of eating fried food per day (
OR = 1.08), daily exercise for more than 60 minutes per week >2 days (
OR = 0.89), eat breakfast every day (
OR = 0.86), times of drinking drinks per day (
OR = 1.12), Smoking (
OR = 0.87), drinking (
OR = 1.07), eating fruit per day (
OR = 1.07), watching TV ≥2 hours a day (
OR = 1.06), sleeping time (
OR = 0.93) and school period may be related to obesity (
P<0.05).
Conclusion The overall obesity rate of students in Inner Mongolia is relatively high, and the
occurrence of obesity is related to diet, exercise behavior, living habits and psychological
factors.
【摘要】 目的 了解内蒙古地区学生肥胖现状及其与饮食、运动、心理等方面的关系, 为制定该地区学生肥胖干预措施提 供科学依据。
方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法, 抽取内蒙古自治区全部12个盟市、103个旗县区的186 649名学生。按 中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛査标准对调査对象进行分组, 采用妒检验进行单因素分析,
采用多因素非条件Logistic 回归模型筛选肥胖有关因素。 结果 学生总体肥胖率为18.54%, 男生肥胖率为22.04%, 女生为14.99%。多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示, 监测点 (
OR = 0.79)、性别 (
OR = 0.61)、每日吃油炸食品次数 (
OR =1.08)、每周每日运动超过60 min>2 d (
OR = 0.89)、是否每天吃早餐 (
OR = 0.86)、每日喝饮料次数 (
OR = 1.12)、吸烟 (
OR = 0.87)、饮酒 (
OR = 1.07)、每日吃水果次 数 (
OR =1.07)、每日看电视 ≥2 h (
OR =1.06)、睡眠时间 (
OR = 0.93)以及学段可能与学生肥胖有关 (
P值均<0.05)。
结论 内蒙古地区学生总体肥胖率较髙, 学生肥胖的发生与饮食运动行为、生活习惯及心理因素有关。应采取针对性干预措施控 制学生肥胖的发生。
Inner mongolia
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Background: The problem of overweight and obesity is not confined only to developed countries but is also widely prevalent in developing countries. Low levels of physical activity, TV watching, and dietary pattern are modifiable risk factors for overweight and obesity in college girls.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity as defined by the Body Mass Index(BMI) criteria of WHO among 18-24 year old college girls in Agra and identify its associated factors.
Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study, adopting a multistage stratified random sampling procedure, has been conducted in 2009 among 400 college going girls aged 18-24 years in randomly selected degree colleges of Agra(urban & rural). Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the information about dietary history and physical activity. Height and weight was measured and BMI was calculated.
Statistical Analysis: Percentage, chi square
Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 18.5% & 4.5% respectively according to BMI criteria of WHO. Skipping of breakfast was found to be about 14.5%. Eating fast food on alternate basis at college and at other places was found to be common among 48.5% & 51% of the subjects respectively. The average time spent on watching television was significantly higher among the obese (4.2hrs/day) & overweight (4.0hrs/day) than among normal & underweight subjects (3.5hrs/day). Gossip hours found to be nearly twice among obese (1.8hrs/day) as compared to normal & underweight (1.0hrs/day). It was found that close to two third (63.0%) and more than half (55.7%) of the subjects had never or occasionally been involved in outdoor and indoor games respectively and only one fourth (24.3%) of the subjects involved in daily play. Among obese subjects, 28.3% of the subjects used to play for 2 hours/week. Almost all the subjects (94.3%) were involved in daily household task like washing clothes. Three fourth (76.1%) of obese subjects participated in household chores for less than two hours. Public transport was found to be the main mode of conveyance for the majority (70.7%) of the subjects.
Conclusion: This study confirmed the findings of earlier studies carried out in Western countries and emphasizes that regular physical exercise, doing household activities, regulated television viewing, and healthy eating behaviors could contribute to controlling overweight and obesity.
Underweight
Agra
Cross-sectional study
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Snacking
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Abstract Background In parallel with the increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, the proportion of eating out in China has increased dramatically in recent years. The purpose of the study was to explore the association between frequency of eating out with overweight and obesity among Chinese children. Methods The representative sample was recruited from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) in 2010–2012, which included Chinese children aged 6–17 years (7685 boys and 7576 girls). Frequency of eating out was collected by interview-administered questionnaire and categorized as: 0, 1–2 and ≥ 3 times per week. Height and weight were measured, consequently body mass index was calculated. Results The prevalence of eating out among Chinese children aged 6–17 years old was 23.2%. Children who ate out 0, 1–2, ≥3 times per week were accounted for 76.8, 10.9 and 12.3% respectively. Findings revealed that eating out three times per week or more was statistically significant associated with higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys (OR = 1.20,95CI:1.04–1.38) compared with those ate out less than three times per week. However, no significantly association was observed among girls (OR = 0.91, 95CI:0.78–1.01). In additional, Younger children, rural children, children from low income family, those with leisure exercises (certain physical activities regularly carried out such as swimming, walking, running, equipment fitness), leisure time sedentary behaviors (LTSB)(> 2 h/d) were relatively more likely to eat out. Conclusions The results illustrated that eating out three times or more had a significantly positive effect on overweight and obesity among boys in China.
Biostatistics
Cross-sectional study
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Objectives
The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity and to evaluate the nutritional habits, and related factors among the Students of Jazan University.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out during the academic year 2014/2015 in Jazan University, Gizan, South West Saudi Arabia. A total of 436 students 19–25 y of age were examined. The questionnaires, including items on eating habits, lifestyle, and socio-demographic characteristics, were completed by the students. Data on weight, height were also collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Differences were considered statistically significant at P. value < 0.05.
Results
The mean weight for males and females were 67.84 and 54.79 kg respectively, with significant differences between males and females (P. value <0.05). The mean BMI for all study participants was reported as 23.31 (kg/m²), also with significant difference between the males and females groups. About 45% of the students were of normal weight; the rate of obesity and underweight among students was very high (33.6% and 21.1% respectively), and their dietary habits were unhealthy. Regularity of meals was found only among (16.5% and 20.4%) males and females respectively. 83.3% of males and 95.1% of females reported eating snacks during the day.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity were very high among the studied students. The study showed the need for health education programs on nutritional education in universities in order to increase awareness of students towards healthy eating and lifestyle.
Underweight
Normal weight
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Objective To investigate the incidence of overweight and obesity and the distribution among 7-17 years old teenagers in Foshan region and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods With a multi-stage stratified random sampling method,permanent residents aged 7-17 years were selected from 17,124 families in 2 streets and 6 towns of Nanhai District,Foshan in 2010.Data of these residents were collected through face-to-face interviews and physical examinations.The incidence of overweight and obesity was calculated according to the standard for evaluation of adolescent overweight and obesity recommended by the Working Group on Obesity in China( WGOC).SPSS 13.0 software package was used to conduct multi-factor Logistic regression analysis on the factors influencing childhood overweight and obesity.Results Among 4,583 teenagers investigated,the mean body mass index( BMI) was( 18.26 + 3.14),and the incidence of overweight and obesity was 7.9% and 4.5% respectively.The boys' incidence of overweight and obesity was 10.1% and 5.1%,while those in the girls were 5.3% and 3.7% respectively.The differences were statistically significant( P 0.05).Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of overweight and obesity was significantly lower in the age groups 13 years and above than in the age groups 7-10 years,( OR:0.370,OR:0.264,both P 0.01).Other related factors included gender 0.544( 0.443-0.668),being particular about food 0.692( 0.560-0.857),brushing teeth every day 0.560( 0.315-0.994),time for watching TV and playing computer 1.398( 1.007-1.942) and sleeping condition 0.494( 0.352-0.695).Conclusions The incidence of adolescent overweight and obesity in Foshan is above the national average level,and it has become a severe public health problem.To control and relieve this situation,we recommend that there should be conducted some effective measures on improving dietary habits,behavioral life style and physical exercise,especially for the teenagers aged 7-13 years.
Stratified Sampling
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Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the prevailing non-communicable cause of death and disability in the Indian subcontinent. Health behaviors and attitudes formed during childhood lay a strong foundation for lifetime health related behavior.Methodology: The present study was carried in 866 adolescents aged 11-16 years. CDC recommended GSHS questionnaire was administered to these students. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 13.0. To see the effect of risk factors on BMI and DBP, multivariate regression analysis was done.Results: In this study, 8.2% and 6.3% of boys had smoked and taken alcohol at least once in the last month, respectively. 13.6% of the subjects felt that there were no benefits of eating fruits and vegetables. 81.3% of the study subjects were eating fast food (Samosa, patties, noodles, etc.) in the past 7 days, out of which 5.1 % were eating out on all seven days. 36.8 % were taking carbonated drink e 1 time/ day.
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