Carbon Footprint of Landscape Tree Production in Korea
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Landscape trees sequester carbon during their growth processes, but they emit carbon through production in nurseries, which may offset carbon uptake. This study quantified the carbon footprint of landscape tree production. After determining the scope of life cycle for landscape tree production, the energy and material used to produce trees of a target size were analyzed by conducting a field survey of 35 nurseries. This energy consumption and input material were converted to an estimate of carbon emitted using data on carbon emission coefficients. The net carbon uptake was 4.6, 12.2, and 24.3 kg/tree for trees with a DBH of 7, 10, and 13 cm, respectively. Thus, even though carbon is emitted during the production process, landscape trees can act as a source of carbon uptake in cities that have high energy consumption levels. This study broke new ground for quantifying the carbon footprint of landscape tree production by overcoming limitations of the past studies that only considered carbon uptake due to absence of data on energy consumption and difficulty of field survey. These study results are expected to provide information on the carbon footprint of landscape trees and to be useful in determining optimal greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal through urban greenspaces.Keywords:
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This paper provides a simplified life cycle based assessment for a local branded pure milk product, to measure its related carbon footprint, including production of raw milk, dairy processing, transportation of milk product and disposal of packaging waste. The results show that the total carbon footprint of the pure milk is 1120g CO2/L. The production of raw milk is identified as the major contributor to the carbon footprint. This contribution has amounted to 843 g of CO2 per liter of pure milk, accounted for 75.27% of the total carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of product transportation is 38 g of CO2 per liter, which accounts for 3.39% of the total. The carbon footprint related to the dairy processing and disposal of waste packaging is 173 g of CO2 per liter and 66 g of CO2 per liter, accounting for 15.45% and 5.89% of the total, respectively. The carbon footprint assessment intends to help dairy enterprises identify the intensive sectors of carbon emissions, and provides insight into improvement of product environmental performances.
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Food is a major contributor of greenhouse gases in the world. Changing what you eat to a less greenhouse gas intensive diet can have a major impact on the greenhouse gas emission. While campaigns and efforts about changing diets directed towards individuals have a potential to reduce total greenhouse gases, efforts directed towards institutional producers of meals have much greater potential to have impact since just a few key players need to be affected. In this paper, we describe a system we have developed for calculating carbon footprint for school meals, making it possible for decisions makers to compare schools with each other, and identify schools with both low footprint (who can serve as good examples) and schools with high footprints (who have the greatest possibility to change). Preliminary results from 10 schools in the Stockholm area are also presented.
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Abstract Livestock production contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there is a considerable variability in the carbon footprint associated with livestock production. Site specific estimates of GHG emissions are needed to accurately focus GHG emission reduction efforts. A holistic approach must be taken to assess the full environmental impact of livestock production using appropriate geographical scale. The objective of this study was to determine baseline GHG emissions from dairy production in South Dakota using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. A cradle-to-farm gate LCA was used to estimate the GHG emissions to produce 1 kg of energy-and-protein corrected milk (ECM) in South Dakota. The system boundary was divided into feed production, farm management, enteric methane emissions, and manure management as these activities are the main contributors to the overall GHG emissions. The production of 1 kg ECM in South Dakota dairies was estimated to emit 1.21 kg CO 2 equivalents. The major contributors were enteric methane emissions (46.3%) and manure management (32.6%). Feed production and farm management made up 13.9 and 7.2 %, respectively. The estimate was similar to the national average but slightly higher than the California dairy system. The source of corn used in the dairies influences the footprint. For example, South Dakota corn had fewer GHG emissions than grain produced in Iowa. Therefore, locally and more sustainably sourced feed input will contribute to further reducing the environmental impacts. Improvements in efficiency of milk production through better genetics, nutrition animal welfare and feed production are expected to further reduce the carbon footprint of South Dakota dairies. Furthermore, use of feed additives and anaerobic digesters will reduce emissions from enteric and manure sources, respectively.
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The atmosphere is being disturbed by an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, resulting in severe global warming and related effects. Each day, more comparable carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere because of industrial processes, transportation, animal activities, lighting, cooking, heating, and illumination. The term "carbon footprint" refers to the number of greenhouse gases that a person, a nation, or an organization emits because of their activities. The methodologies for calculating carbon footprints are still being developed, but they are becoming a vital tool for managing greenhouse gases. This review article discusses the carbon footprint, measurement methods, and other important information. In the future, it is critical to keep developing and enhancing techniques for evaluating the environmental effect, including creating more thorough and consistent systems for computing carbon footprints. To develop a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of human activities, it will also be crucial to consider environmental effects other than greenhouse gas emissions. These actions will ultimately be essential for reducing the impact of climate change and maintaining the health and well-being of our planet.
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Carbon footprint is commonly defined as the total amount of greenhouse gases produced directly or indirectly as a result of an activity. The term carbon footprint has become the standard for measuring the environmental impact of activities in several sectors (e.g., transportation, energy, construction). While there have been several studies documenting calculators that estimate the carbon footprint of individual activities (e.g., driving a car, riding an airplane), the literature describing the process of carbon footprint calculations for construction activities remains limited. The few existing tools that calculate the carbon footprint of construction buildings do not take into account some of the major variables in the design and construction process (e.g., properties of selected materials, location of suppliers). In an effort to improve the accuracy of carbon footprint calculations, this paper presents a tool that estimates the total carbon footprint of construction buildings while taking into consideration project characteristics (e.g., size, location, material choices). The calculator relies on data collected from construction material suppliers and covers the various phases of a construction project. Through a case study, the research team illustrates the use of the tool to identify the activities with high carbon emissions.
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There are various ways to reduce the amount of CO2 emission. This paper investigates the effectiveness of using a medium which is an interactive web based carbon footprint calculator for kids called CFCkids. CFCkids is developed to allow children to calculate their carbon footprint based on their daily activities that contribute to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) for educational purposes. CFCkids also provides information about climate change and tips to reduce carbon footprint. Evaluation on usability and content had been conducted with children aged ten to twelve years old. From the findings, it has been discovered that CFCkids can increase the knowledge of children about climate change and how they can naturalize the environment from the result of their carbon footprint calculation.
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Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions are some of the most noted topics of the last years. Carbon footprint calculators provide an interesting solution when it comes to informing people about the above topic. These calculators try to estimate the carbon footprint, the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions, based on information provided by the user that is related to various activities that may result in creating emissions. Some of the calculators also provide recommendations to the users, based on their results, in order to reduce their carbon emissions. This study provides a comparative analysis of the indicators used for calculating carbon footprint in available household calculators, as well as the recommendations provided for the users to reduce their footprint. The goal of this paper is to present the current state of household carbon footprint calculators regarding the data they require from their users in order for them to calculate their carbon footprint and any recommendation they may provide based on the results. This is achieved by analyzing a list of carbon footprint calculators that are freely available online and, specifically, the domains and indicators each calculator uses, along with the associated resulting recommendations.
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