Incursion of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, the Netherlands, October 2020
Nancy BeerensRené HeutinkFrank HardersMarit RooseSylvia B.E. Pritz-VerschurenEvelien A. GermeraadM.Y. Engelsma
23
Citation
10
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus was detected in mute swans in the Netherlands during October 2020. The virus shares a common ancestor with clade 2.3.4.4b viruses detected in Egypt during 2018–2019 and has similar genetic composition. The virus is not directly related to H5N8 viruses from Europe detected in the first half of 2020.Keywords:
Highly pathogenic
Ancestor
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H7N8 was detected in commercial turkeys in January 2016. Control zone surveillance discovered a progenitor low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus in surrounding turkey flocks. Data analysis supports a single LPAI virus introduction followed by spontaneous mutation to HPAI on a single premises.
Highly pathogenic
Flock
Cite
Citations (34)
Highly pathogenic
Traceability
H5N1 genetic structure
Cite
Citations (4)
Abstract During 12 recent months of periodic influenza virus surveillance at 9 live poultry markets in Wuxi City China, we identified multiple highly pathogenic H5N6, H5N8, H5N2, and H5N1 avian influenza viruses. The variety of potentially pandemic viruses in this low-risk area is disconcerting and portends an increased pandemic threat.
Highly pathogenic
Pandemic
H5N1 genetic structure
Cite
Citations (10)
We report the isolation and characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus from Crested Hawk-Eagles smuggled into Europe by air travel.A screening performed in human and avian contacts indicated no dissemination occurred.Illegal movements of birds are a major threat for the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza.T he 2003-2004 highly pathogenic avian influenza epi- demic caused by an A/H5N1 virus has become established in 8 Southeast Asian countries (1).It affects not only birds but several mammals (2-4).As of February 2005, 55 laboratory-confirmed human cases, 42 fatal, have occurred after direct transmission of the virus (available from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/en/). The StudyOn October 18, 2004, 2 Crested Hawk-Eagles (Spizaetus nipalensis) smuggled into Europe from Thailand were seized at Brussels International Airport (5).Clinical examination of the birds showed no symptoms.As import of birds and products from several Asian countries into the European Union (EU) is forbidden (DG Sanco Decision 2004/122/EC), the birds were humanely sacrificed and immediately sent to the Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre for routine diagnosis to exclude influenza and Newcastle disease viruses.The eagles were transported in a hand luggage (Figure 1), with the zipper not totally closed to allow air to enter.The bird smuggler, a Thai resident, took connecting flights from Bangkok to Brussels, with a stopover in Vienna; he placed his hand luggage in an overhead
Highly pathogenic
Virus isolation
Isolation
Bird flu
Cite
Citations (215)
The recent Romanian outbreak of subtype H5N1 of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, the first detected case of H5N1 avian influenza in Europe in 2010, has reinvigorated the debate concerning risks related to the spread of avian influenza in the European Union.
Highly pathogenic
Romanian
Cite
Citations (0)
The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is one subtype of influenza viruses, which has previously been isolated only in birds. Recently, an outbreak of a new avian influenza (H7N9) in China has resulted in numerous infections and high mortality in the humans. The H7N9 virus is low pathogenic in poultry and high pathogenic in human and that is critically different from other avian influenza viruses. An increasing number of the new H7N9 cases and the high mortality have caused a serious global concern. Here, based on the reported data, we propose and analyze an SE-SEIS avian–human influenza model. We prove the global stability results for both the disease-free equilibrium point and the endemic equilibrium point by using a general Bendixson–Dulac theorem. Our reported theoretical results of this paper are expected to help in exploring the development of efficient methods to controlling the spread of avian influenza A(H7N9).
Highly pathogenic
Cite
Citations (11)
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected and isolated from domestic ducks in South Kalimantan, Indonesia during April 2022. The viruses were genetically similar to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses recently detected in East Asia from 2021-2022. Further investigation is necessary to determine the source of virus incursion.
Highly pathogenic
H5N1 genetic structure
Cite
Citations (0)
Highly pathogenic
Human influenza
Cite
Citations (9)
The duck represents an important reservoir of influenza viruses for transmission to other avian and mammalian hosts, including humans. The increased pathogenicity of the recently emerging clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype in ducks features systemic viral spread and organ-to-organ variation in viral transcription and tissue damage. We previously reported that experimental infection of Sudani ducks (Cairina moschata) with an Egyptian HPAI (H5N1) virus (clade 2.2.1.2) features high viral replication and severe tissue damage in lung, but lower viral replication and only mild histological changes in brain. Little is known about the involvement of miRNA in organ-specific responses to H5N1 viruses in ducks, and involvement of the other classes of small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) has not been investigated so far. Following RNA sequencing, we have annotated the duck sncRNome and compared global expression changes of the four major sncRNA classes (miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs) between duck lung and brain during a 120 h time course of infection with this HPAI strain. We find major organ-specific differences in miRNA, piRNA and snoRNA populations even before infection and substantial reprogramming of all sncRNA classes throughout infection, which was less pronounced in brain. Pathway prediction analysis of miRNA targets revealed enrichment of inflammation-, infection- and apoptosis-related pathways in lung, but enrichment of metabolism-related pathways (including tryptophan metabolism) in brain. Thus, organ-specific differences in sncRNA responses may contribute to differences in viral replication and organ damage in ducks infected with isolates from this emerging HPAI clade, and likely other strains.
Highly pathogenic
Cite
Citations (0)
Influenza A virus infection appears to be common in many species of wild birds in Canada (1). However, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in commercial poultry are infrequent. In commercial birds, outbreaks of H7N3 HPAI occurred in British Columbia in 2004 (2) and in Saskatchewan in 2007 (3).
Highly pathogenic
Cite
Citations (0)