Evaluation of a Hybrid Approach of Food Waste Management
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Keywords:
Food Waste
Digestate
Biodegradable waste
Green waste
Mechanical biological treatment
Three kinds of aeration modes were carried out in windrow, to investigate the effects of aeration modes on the co-composting of garden waste and vegetable waste. The composting parameters such as temperature, oxygen concentration, volatile organic compounds, ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen (C/N) and oxygen concentration showed that oxygen-dependent and intermittent ventilation composting products were stabilized after 42 days of co-composting. And the days of temperature above 55□ were 7d, 9d, respectively, meeting the requirements to kill pathogens. However, the index results of natural ventilation showed that the compost is not fully maturity. This shows that co-composting of garden waste and vegetable waste by aerobic composting of ventilation control in windrow can get quality compost by optimizing composting process during 42 days. Composting can decrease non-point resource of organic solid waste by recycling nutrition to soil and improve fertility of soil.
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Food Waste
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In Malaysia, large amounts of organic materials, which lead to disposal problems, are generated from agricultural residues especially from palm oil industries. Increasing landfill costs and regulations, which limit many types of waste accepted at landfills, have increased the interest in composting as a component of waste management. The objectives of this study were to characterize compost feedstock properties of common organic waste materials available in Malaysia. Thus, a ratio modelling of matching ingredients for empty fruit bunches (EFBs) co-composting using different organic materials in Malaysia was done. Organic waste materials with a C/N ratio of < 30 can be applied as a nitrogen source in EFB co-composting. The outcome of this study suggested that the percentage of EFB ranged between 50% and 60%, which is considered as the ideal mixing ratio in EFB co-composting. Conclusively, EFB can be utilized in composting if appropriate feedstock in term of physical and chemical characteristics is coordinated in the co-composting process.
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Mechanical biological treatment
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Inadequate municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a pressing concern, resulting in significant environmental contamination, particularly in developing countries. Composting has demonstrated its practicality and feasibility for addressing this issue; however, the lack of at-source solid waste separation remains a major challenge. As a result, in this study, the first sustainable MSW separation at source was conducted in Tan An City, Long An Province. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compost process and quality using Tan An City’s separated biodegradable organic solid waste as the raw material, through a windrow composting process with active aeration. Biodegradable organic waste, slow-biodegradable organic waste and plastic waste accounted for 84.5%, 15.1% and 0.4%, respectively, of the total waste. The pH, moisture, volatile solid percentage, total nitrogen, total organic carbon and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the separated solid waste were 8.7 ± 0.4, 76.8 ± 1.9%, 68.3 ± 1.3%, 2.1 ± 0.1%, 35.7 ± 2.2% and 17 ± 0.8, respectively. Rice straw was mixed with solid waste as a bulking material in a 31%:69% ratio to achieve a moisture content of 55% in the mixture. After 10 weeks, an evaluation of the compost’s quality revealed its potential suitability for agricultural applications. Notably, Salmonella was not detected in the compost, and the heavy metal levels were below standard limits, indicating the safety of the compost. To ensure optimal nutrient levels for effective plant growth, a slight nitrogen and phosphorus supplement was recommended. Aligned with the C/N ratio of 12.1 and a consistent temperature of approximately 29 °C, this indicates a high degree of maturity and stability in the composting process. The framework of this study demonstrates the effectiveness of at-source MSW separation in paving a sustainable path for MSW management.
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The Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW), or biowaste, can be valorized using different treatment technologies, such as anaerobic digestion and composting or the combination of them. The use of the end products (biogas and/or compost) generates benefits over the alternative of sending waste to landfill. The European Union regulations (i.e. Landfill Directive) encourage the diversion of untreated biodegradable waste from landfilling. However, OFMSW treatment installations also produce environmental impacts that must be assessed. This paper presents different future scenarios at regional scale proposed to accomplish the Landfill Directive and their environmental assessment in terms of environmental impact categories. The geographical area under study is Catalonia (Spain). Field data obtained in previous studies undertaken in the same geographical area are used to determine the environmental burdens of the present situation in order to compare them with different future scenarios. A combined scenario to treat 921 Gg of OFMSW source selected including the increase of the quantity of biowaste treated by anaerobic digestion (61.2% of the total biowaste), the modification of composting plants to ensure the treatment of all the gaseous emissions (25.3% and 8.1% of the total biowaste treated in in-vessel composting plants and in enclosed windrows composting plants respectively) and the incorporation of home composting as a waste treatment alternative (5.4% of total biowaste) results in the lowest impact scenario considered in the present study. Energy recovery through anaerobic digestion and benefits of gaseous emissions reduction are the key factors in the impact reduction of biowaste treatment.
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Energy Recovery
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Food Waste
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Digestate
Biogas
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Food Waste
Biodegradable waste
Green waste
Refuse-derived fuel
Thermal hydrolysis
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Without treatment, urban market-generated organic waste is discarded in landfills. This could cause environmental contamination due to leachate. This study aims to develop a novel bio-methane and composting potential framework for evaluating the biogas and compostability of organic waste from the Bantama market in Kumasi. Using novel dashboards, the bio-methane and composting potentials were evaluated, and the Theoretical Biomethane Potential (TBMP) was reported to be between 331.52 and 457.93 l CH4/kg VS for carrot leaves and banana peels, respectively, assuming a biodegradability of 80% for the substrates. Only one of the four conditions for compostability was met by the substrates, indicating that they are not suitable for direct composting. In order to optimize the potential of the waste, an integrated system of anaerobic digestion (AD) and composting was utilized. The proposed plant was profitable since the payback period was less than two years, the Net Present Value (NPV) was greater than one, and the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was greater than one. The anaerobic digester and composting plant are capable of producing 12269392 kWh of electricity and 19585 kg of compost per year, respectively. Lastly, the AD and composting technologies at the Bantama market are cost-effective. The government and municipalities may therefore assist private investors in constructing a waste processing plant.
Biogas
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Biodegradable waste
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Purpose of study: The interest of this study is to show that the composting of various organic materials makes it possible to contribute to reducing the quantities of Waste sent to landfills and, consequently, the removal of their environmental impact. The aim is to show that aerobic composting of organic Waste can be an alternative to sustainable waste management in Algeria by examining the potential for producing compost from different organic waste streams.
Methodology: The method is based on analyzing documentary data, field surveys and experiments. The latter examines the potential for producing compost from different organic waste streams in Algeria. Three types of Waste are composted and analyzed: green Waste, kitchen waste and a combination. The experiment was carried out from March until June 2021; it involved using organic Waste to produce three different composts in their composition. Research has focused on studying the complex interplay between physical, chemical and biological factors that occur during composting and compost quality parameters.
Result: The results showed that composting the organic fraction of Waste reduced its mass by 22% for green Waste, 70% for kitchen waste and 63% for the mixture of the two. The variation of the process monitoring parameters (temperature, humidity, pH) corresponds perfectly to those established in previous studies. Through analysis and the germination test, the result has made it possible to obtain good-quality compost that can be used in agriculture.
Conclusion: The maturity of the composts obtained was checked by the germination test, demonstrating that the highest germination rate was recorded at the level of the soil-compost mixtures, regardless of the type of compost used. However, compost made from kitchen scraps alone has the highest rate. Chemical analyses of the composts confirmed these results, which are acceptable to French standards, given the lack of Algerian standards. This study demonstrates that composting has significantly reduced the Waste mass and obtained good quality compost.
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