5
Citation
26
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
POU domain
Coding region
The sequence coding for the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of ICP22 mRNA of herpes simplex virus type 1 has been tested for its ability to regulate gene expression. This sequence was placed in frame with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) coding sequence and under the control of the simian virus 40 early promoter-enhancer. Under these conditions, the sequence coding for the 5 UTR led to an increase of about 13-fold in CAT activity, measured during transient expression. The use of mutants with progressive deletions within the sequence coding for the 5′UTR allowed localization of the sequence responsible for the enhancement of gene expression to the first exon of the ICP22 gene. Precise quantification of hybrid ICP22-CAT mRNA showed that the sequence coding for the 5′UTR induced an increase in the amounts of transcripts, which resulted in a parallel increase in CAT activity. This increase in the level of hybrid ICP22-CAT mRNA is not the result of an increase in mRNA stability, nor is it due to more efficient nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of the transcripts. Moreover, the distribution of hybrid mRNA in the different ribosomal populations indicates that the 5′UTR of ICP22 mRNA does not induce a preferential recruitment of the transcripts by the translational apparatus. Taken together, these results indicate that a cis-acting element located in the sequence coding for the 5′UTR of ICP22 mRNA can mediate a high level of gene expression independently of the viral promoter and of viral trans-acting factors.
Coding region
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
Transcription
Cite
Citations (17)
Exon trapping
Coding region
Primer extension
Exon shuffling
TATA box
Primary transcript
Cite
Citations (63)
Total RNA was isolated from buckthorn's leaf with the improved SDS method,and was translated to the first cDNA strand as the template of PCR.A pair degenerated primers were designed according to the homologous cDNA segments cloned before.The middle segment of HrNHX1 gene was cloned,then the HrNHX1 3'cDNA sequence also was obtained with the method of 3'RACE.The total length of this sequence(Genbank accession number: EU718492) was 1 373 bp which was made up by 1 094 bp coding region encoding 364 amino acids and 239 bp 3'UTR,and whose largest sequence homology was 80%with known NHX1 sequences.3'UTR sequence analysis showed that the buckthorn' s 3' UTR sequence homology of upland cotton,grapefruit and Thellungiella halophila were 43.97%,45.63%and 40.64%,respectively,which was obviously lower than that of coding region's.The result indicated that the coding region of NHX1 gene was very conserved,but the 3' UTR sequence had lower homology,which showed that the untranslated region was very important in environmental adaptation and offered us a significant reference in researching the molecular mechanisms of fitting environment in plant.
Coding region
Homology
Cloning (programming)
Cite
Citations (0)
Four mouse POU domain genomic DNA clones--Brain-1, Brain-2, Brain-4, and Scip--and Brain-2 cDNA, which are expressed in adult brain, were cloned and the coding and noncoding regions of the genes were sequenced. The amino acid sequences of the four POU domains are highly conserved; sequences in other regions of the proteins also are conserved but to a lesser extent. The absence of introns from the coding regions of the four POU domain genes and the similarity of amino acid sequences of the corresponding proteins suggest that the coding region of the ancestral class III POU domain gene lacked introns and therefore may have originated by reverse transcription of a molecule of POU domain mRNA followed by insertion of the cDNA into germ cell genomic DNA. Additional duplications of the ancestral class III POU domain gene (or mRNA) would create the Brain-1, Brain-2, Brain-4, and Scip genes.
POU domain
Coding region
genomic DNA
Cite
Citations (135)
Coding region
genomic DNA
Sequence (biology)
Cite
Citations (6)
Canparison of the nucleotide sequence of mRNAs coding for several vertebrate actins revealed a high degree of sequence honelogy in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) between those n coding for homologous (isotypic) actins in different organisms but not between mRNAs coding for very similar isoforms differing in their function or tissue specificity. A similar pattern of sequence conservation in the 3′ UTR is also found in several other genes. Furthermore, while there is a great variation in the size of the 3′ UTR of mRNAs coding for different proteins, mRNA coding for isotypic proteins in distantly related organisms often have 3′ UTR of similar size. The data suggest that the 3′ UTR may play an important role in the regulation of expression of at least some genes at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level.
Coding region
Conserved sequence
Cite
Citations (155)
PDZ domain
Cloning (programming)
Cite
Citations (27)
Genetic variation in ABCB1, encoding P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is a potential cause of interindividual variation in drug response. Numerous studies have focused on the effects of coding region variants on P-gp expression and function, whereas few noncoding region variants have been investigated. The 3′-untranslated region (UTR) regulates mRNA levels or stability via RNA-protein interactions with mRNA degradation machinery. mRNA stability is a key regulatory step controlling ABCB1 mRNA expression that ultimately affects P-gp levels and function. We hypothesized that ABCB1 3′-UTR polymorphisms alter mRNA stability by disrupting RNA-protein interactions. An ethnically diverse panel of DNA samples was sequenced to identify 3′-UTR polymorphisms and determine allele frequencies. The three most common variants, along with reference ABCB1, were stably expressed in cells in order to measure mRNA half-life. The calculated half-life for ABCB1 reference in HEK293 cells was 9.4 ± 1.3 h and was similar to that estimated for the 3′-UTR variants. Endogenous ABCB1 mRNA decay was similar in lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying 3′-UTR variant and reference alleles. Although the examined ABCB1 3′-UTR variants have no effect on ABCB1 mRNA stability, these data represent one of the first attempts to determine the influence of genetic variation in UTRs on ABCB1 mRNA levels.
Coding region
Translational efficiency
Cite
Citations (17)
Coding region
Cite
Citations (1)
We previously identified a truncated human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) isoform of 118 amino acids, hGR-S1(-349A), that despite lacking the major functional domains, was more hyperactive after glucocorticoid treatment than the full-length receptor. Furthermore, its 3’ untranslated region (UTR) was required. To dissect the underlying mechanisms for hyperactivity, a series of hGR isoforms with consecutive deletions in the 3’ UTR were created to test their transactivation potential using reporter assays. The hGR-S1(-349A) isoform retaining 1303 bp of 3’ UTR displayed unusually high activity with or without glucocorticoid stimulation. Unexpectedly, a complete loss of significant activity was observed with isoforms retaining 1293 bp or 1263 bp of 3’ UTR. Analysis of the 20 bp region neighboring the 1293 bp site showed a pattern: 3’UTR termination at every third base pair in this region resulted in a loss of transactivation potential while the other sites retained hyperactivity with or without glucocorticoid stimulation. Variations in the activity of an hGR isoform, due to changes in the 3’ UTR sequence configuration, may provide an important link in explaining inconsistent responses to glucocorticoid treatment in individuals and ultimately enable tailored, patient-specific care. Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the cyclic hyperactivity/loss of activity phenomenon may be a step toward identifying a novel mechanism of gene regulation.
Cite
Citations (4)