A risk estimation for chemical plants considering domino effects based on disaster simulation
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Domino Effect
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Abstract With the development of the transmission line scale and the improvement of the voltage level, the height and span of the tower are increasing, and the ice disaster occurs frequently in some areas, which has become an important factor affecting the security and stability of the power grid. Based on the analysis of the ice and ice flashover mechanism, this paper firstly discusses ice disaster influencing factors from three main angles, such as, the potential fault of transmission line, operation and maintenance characteristics and meteorological conditions, and then uses multi factor classification method to build the ice disaster risk evaluation model for transmission line. Further, taking the 220kV and above transmission lines in a certain area of South China as a research object, this paper evaluates all the lines and towers ice disaster risk, obtains the lines or towers with high risk level using the model, and the evaluation results have been verified on site. Finally, combined with the rating of risk evaluation factors, this paper formulates a special anti-icing measure to ensure the safe and stable operation of transmission lines.
Arc flash
Transmission tower
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Industry 4.0
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Abstract To solve the problems such as the security risk control and the optimization of the complex networks, an optimal control model of complex networks security risk based on discrete glowworm swarm optimization with key strategy adjustment is proposed. The basic framework of this model is built based on four functional modules including detection and evaluation, strategy selection, control optimization and performance feedback. The optimal evaluation criterions of the security control strategy are constituted of factors such as control cost, benefit reward and negative effect. The discrete glowworm swarm optimization algorithm with key strategy ad-justment is proposed to search for the optimal control strategy of complex network security risk. The concept of control parameter is introduced, whose feedback and adjustment make the optimal control model get evolution-ary. Finally, the model and the algorithm are tested for network security risk optimal control in the Nearest-Neighbor coupled with network, Erdos-Renyi random graph network, Watts-Strogatz small world network and Ba-rabasi-Albert power law network, separately. The availability of the model and the superiority of the algorithm are validated and the effect of the change for the attack strategy to the security risk optimal control model is analyzed by simulations.
Security controls
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Dynamics
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Accident (philosophy)
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In Hokkaido, building construction in winter tends to be still kept at a distance. One of the reasons is that winter construction requires additional costs for winter cares. In the meantime, year-round construction activity is necessary to keep the building industry sound. Winter construction is thus unavoidable. One of problems to be solved to promote winter construction is to establish the adequate estimation method of additional costs. The estimation method is indispensable not only to estimate construction costs, but also to evaluate the economic efficiency of year-round construction.In this paper, an estimation system of additional costs of winter building construction is proposed.
Building Construction
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