Engineering Polymer Glue towards 90% Zinc Utilization for 1000 Hours to Make High‐Performance Zn‐Ion Batteries
Yiding JiaoFangyan LiXin JinQingsong LeiLuhe LiLie WangTingting YeEr HeJiacheng WangHao ChenLu JiangRui GaoQianming LiChang JiangJianwei LiGuanjie HeMeng LiaoHuigang ZhangIvan P. ParkinHuisheng PengYe Zhang
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Abstract Zinc (Zn) metal is considered the promising anode for “post‐lithium” energy storage due to its high volumetric capacity, low redox potential, abundant reserve, and low cost. However, extravagant Zn is required in present Zn batteries, featuring low Zn utilization rate and device‐scale energy/power densities far below theoretical values. The limited reversibility of Zn metal is attributed to the spontaneous parasitic reactions of Zn with aqueous electrolytes, that is, corrosion with water, passive by‐product formation, and dendrite growth. Here, a new ion‐selective polymer glue coated on Zn anode is designed, isolating the Zn anode from the electrolyte by blocking water diffusion while allowing rapid Zn 2+ ion migration and facilitating uniform electrodeposition. Hence, a record‐high Zn utilization of 90% is realized for 1000 h at high current densities, in sharp contrast to much poorer cyclability (usually < 200 h) at lower Zn utilization (50–85%) reported to date. When matched with the vanadium‐based cathode, the resulting Zn‐ion battery exhibited an ultrahigh device‐scale energy density of 228 Wh kg −1 , comparable to commercial lithium‐ion batteries.Keywords:
Galvanic anode
The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Properties 3. Occurrence 4. Processing of the Raw Materials to Vanadium Compounds 4.1. Iron Ores and Titanomagnetites as Raw Materials 4.2. Processing of Other Raw Materials 5. Production of Vanadium, Ferrovanadium, and Other Alloys 5.1. Reduction Behavior of Vanadium Oxides 5.2. Production of Vanadium Metal and its Alloys 5.3. Ferrovanadium 5.3.1. Production from Vanadium Oxides 5.3.2. Direct Production from Slags and Residues 5.4. Production of Other Vanadium Master Alloys 6. Uses 7. Vanadium Compounds 8. Analysis 9. Economic Aspects 10. Environmental Protection and Toxicology
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Vanadium was recovered from vanadium-containing ceaching solution with high iron concentration by reducing precipitating-redissolving process.The process steps of pre-neutralizing of leaching solution,preparation and redissolving of vanadium acid concentrate and the influence factors of each link were investigated.The results show that this process can recover vanadium and prepare qualified V2O5,but the overall recovery rate of vanadium is relatively low.
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The mechanism of vanadium-poisoning in fluid catalytic cracking process is briefly introduced.In the course of damage caused by vanadium,the interactions between vanadium and some other elements are discussed.The application and developmentof vanadium-traps in some foreign countries are emphatically reviewed,and the research status of vanadium-traps in China is also analyzed.
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Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Properties 3. Occurrence 4. Processing of the Raw Materials to Vanadium Compounds 4.1. Iron Ores and Titanomagnetites as Raw Materials 4.2. Processing of Other Raw Materials 5. Production of Vanadium, Ferrovanadium, and Other Alloys 5.1. Reduction Behavior of Vanadium Oxides 5.2. Production of Vanadium Metal and its Alloys 5.3. Ferrovanadium 5.3.1. Production from Vanadium Oxides 5.3.2. Direct Production from Slags and Residues 5.4. Production of Other Vanadium Master Alloys 6. Uses 7. Vanadium Compounds 8. Analysis 9. Economic Aspects 10. Environmental Protection and Toxicology
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A trace amount of vanadium was vaporized as 8-hydroxyquinolinate complex by using a low-temperature tungsten boat furnace for sample introduction in ICP-AES. Experimental results suggest that vanadium was vaporized as vanadium(III) 8-hydroxyquinolinate complex. Vanadium(V) and vanadium(IV) were reduced in the heating process before vaporization. The operating conditions were optimized, and the effects of foreign ions were investigated. The existence of tin(II) ion in sample solution was found to enhance the emission intensity of vanadium, improve the precision of the proposed method, and also suppress the interferences from other foreign ions. The detection limit in the presence of 5 μg tin(II) was determined to be 4 pg, and in the absence of tin(II), 7 pg, of vanadium. Sub-μg L −1 levels of vanadium in sample solution could be determined by the proposed method. The precisions in relative standard deviation (% RSD) for 100 pg of vanadium under the same conditions described above were 1.9% and 4.1%, respectively. The contents of vanadium in some standard steel and rock samples determined by the proposed method were in good agreement with their certified values.
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