A Model of Software Prototyping based on a Systematic Map
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Abstract:
Background: Prototyping is an established practice for user interface design and for requirements engineering within agile software development, even so there is a lack of theory on prototyping. Aims: The main research objective is to provide a means to categorise prototyping instances, in order to enable comparison and reflection of prototyping practices. Method: We have performed a systematic mapping study of methodological aspects of prototyping consisting of thirty-three primary studies upon which we designed a model of prototyping that was validated through a focus group at a case company. Results: Our model consists of four aspects of prototyping, namely purpose, prototype scope, prototype use, and exploration strategy. This model supported the focus group participants in discussing prototyping practices by considering concrete prototyping instances in terms of the concepts provided by our model. Conclusions: The model can be used to categorise prototyping instances and can support practitioners in reflecting on their prototyping practices. Our study provides a starting point for further research on prototyping and into how the practice can be applied more cost-effectively to elicit, validate, and communicate requirements.Keywords:
Rapid Prototyping
Software prototyping
Scope (computer science)
Agile software development practices, like Scrum, that allow teams to focus on delivering product and improved communication has made it one of the easiest and best software development techniques. On the other hand, such agile methods have been designed for collocated software development and are thus not directly applicable to distributed agile development. In this paper, we present findings from case studies and real life distributed Agile and Scrum projects conducted since 2011, as well as the challenges and benefits the case projects reported and unique lessons learned from them.
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Abstract : This report explores the nature of prototyping, analyzes the role it plays in weapon system development, and extracts lessons for acquisition policy making. Prototyping can be simplistically defined as the fabrication and testing of hardware or software at some point in the acquisition cycle prior to commitment of full rate production. (This research adds precision to that definition of prototyping).
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The paper discusses the method of combining Rapid Prototyping and modern advanced manufacturing techniques. The method of applying three-dimensional CAD software Pro/Engineer in Rapid Prototyping technique is discussed. An example of using the technique to produce Rapid Prototyping about automobile tyre is given in the end of the paper.
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Distributed agile development (DAD) has received increasing interest both in industry and academia as global software development (GSD) is becoming main-stream. However, agile methods and in particular agile practices have been designed for collocated software development, and are thus not directly applicable to DAD. In this paper, we present findings from a multiple case study on agile practices in two small and one mid-sized distributed Scrum project. Based on an interview study of 19 project team members, we describe how Scrum practices, such as daily scrums, backlogs, and sprints were successfully adopted to distributed development. We also describe supporting GSD practices employed, such as frequent visits and multiple communication modes that the projects used. Finally, we depict the challenges and benefits the case projects reported, as well as lessons learned from applying Scrum in distributed settings.
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Abstract Flexible segments present challenges to prototyping compliant mechanisms. This paper discusses methods for prototyping compliant mechanisms, including use of 3-axis CNC milling, laser cutting, and wire EDM. Rapid prototyping methods and hybrid methods are also discussed. A method for machining living hinge prototypes with good fatigue life is also documented.
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The development of devices that combine hardware and software has created new challenges. The new built devices have a short life cycle and frequently require upgrading. The software industry attends to these requests with agile methods, such as Scrum. Agile methods apply quick iterations and continuous preplanning based on feedback and past iterations, enabling a quick and continuous delivery for those requests. This scenario is being analyzed when applied to hardware or software development and used along with agile methodologies.
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This paper presents a new method of generating adaptive ruled layers for rapid prototyping of 3D complex parts. To increase the accuracy and reduce the build time, an adaptive ruled layer approximation of the Stereolithography (STL) models for rapid prototyping processes is presented. Surface errors are analyzed to find the maximum errors at different layers of RP parts. By finding the RP surface errors, adaptive ruled layers are generated from the STL models. Using the constructed ruled layers of the STL models, multi-axis material removal process is integrated with the traditional rapid prototyping process to achieve better surface accuracy and to reduce the total build time.
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The current rapid prototyping method is a cylindroid approach, the obvious disadvantage of the render program is using fixed step length to make slices, which can not handle the manufacturing accuracy and the speed flexibly. The paper provides the idea of a cone approach and some related work for variable step length slicing, this could be useful for a new type of rapid prototyping.
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