Resting-State Functional MRI for Determining Language Lateralization in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Task-based fMRI is a noninvasive method of determining language dominance; however, not all children can complete language tasks due to age, cognitive/intellectual, or language barriers. Task-free approaches such as resting-state fMRI offer an alternative method. This study evaluated resting-state fMRI for predicting language laterality in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective review of 43 children with drug-resistant epilepsy who had undergone resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI during presurgical evaluation was conducted. Independent component analysis of resting-state fMRI was used to identify language networks by comparing the independent components with a language network template. Concordance rates in language laterality between resting-state fMRI and each of the 4 task-based fMRI language paradigms (auditory description decision, auditory category, verbal fluency, and silent word generation tasks) were calculated.RESULTS:
Concordance ranged from 0.64 (95% CI, 0.48–0.65) to 0.73 (95% CI, 0.58–0.87), depending on the language paradigm, with the highest concordance found for the auditory description decision task. Most (78%–83%) patients identified as left-lateralized on task-based fMRI were correctly classified as left-lateralized on resting-state fMRI. No patients classified as right-lateralized or bilateral on task-based fMRI were correctly classified by resting-state fMRI.CONCLUSIONS:
While resting-state fMRI correctly classified most patients who had typical (left) language dominance, its ability to correctly classify patients with atypical (right or bilateral) language dominance was poor. Further study is required before resting-state fMRI can be used clinically for language mapping in the context of epilepsy surgery evaluation in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.Keywords:
Concordance
Wada test
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We studied laterality of tool use in 10 captive New Caledonian (NC) crows (Corvus moneduloides). All subjects showed near-exclusive individual laterality, but there was no overall bias in either direction (five were left-lateralized and five were right-lateralized). This is consistent with results in non-human primates, which show strong individual lateralization for tool use (but not for other activities), and also with observations of four wild NC crows by Rutledge & Hunt. Jointly, these results contrast with observations that the crows have a population-level bias for manufacturing tools from the left edges of Pandanus sp. leaves, and suggest that the manufacture and use of tools in this species may have different neural underpinnings.
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The present study was designed to test the general "imbalance" hypothesis in regard to the Tapping Test, a motor measure of finger-oscillation speed from the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery. The study was prompted by a recent spate of reports linking cerebral lateralization to a variety of conditions. It was hypothesized that it would be possible to determine an "optimal," midrange of lateralization, to be identified by faster tapping speeds. As hypothesized, those offenders with "moderate" laterality achieved faster speeds than those with "extreme" laterality ("extreme" defined as either less or more laterality than for the moderates). The same range appeared optimal over several demographic groups. A second goal of the present study was to pursue hints from a previous study that had suggested a lateralization measure might prove to be free of some unwanted variations by demographics. As hypothesized, the lateralization measure appeared free of variations according to age, sex, and handedness. Applications and future directions were suggested.
Finger tapping
Neuropsychological test
Tapping
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Left and right
Right hemisphere
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Contents: Preface. J.P. Ward, Prosimians as Animal Models in the Study of Neural Lateralization. C.R. Hamilton, B.A. Vermire, Functional Lateralization in Monkeys. M.P. Bryden, R.E. Steenhuis, Issues in the Assessment of Handedness. W.F. McKeever, Handedness, Language Laterality, and Spatial Ability. D.L. Molfese, L.M. Burger-Judisch, Dynamic Temporal-Spatial Allocation of Resources in the Human Brain: An Alternative to the Static View of Hemisphere Differences. F.B. Wood, D.L. Flowers, C.E. Naylor, Cerebral Laterality in Functional Neuroimaging. J.B. Hellige, Cerebral Laterality and Metacontrol. C. Hardyck, Shadow and Substance: Attentional Irrelevancies and Perceptual Constraints in Hemispheric Processing of Language Stimuli. M.H. Van Kleeck, S.M. Kosslyn, The Use of Computer Models in the Study of Cerebral Lateralization. J. Sergent, M.C. Corballis, Ups and Downs in Cerebral Lateralization. F.L. Kitterle, S. Christman, Hemispheric Symmetries and Asymmetries in the Processing of Spatial Frequencies.
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Laterality means functional dominance of one in the pair of organs. It represents the external manifestation of integrative activity of cerebral cortex meaning the domination of functionally dominant hand; the usability lateralization depends on the domination of cerebral hemisphere of gestural lateralization and the domination of cerebral hemisphere or gestural lateralization and the influence of the environment. On the basis of laterality population is divided into right-handed and left-handed with a very stressed degree of lateralization and those undecided with a minimal previal of handidness of one hand. In most people the domination of cerebral hemisphere is average or weak and that's the reason why the influence of the environment is of importance when forming the dominant hand. In the clinical practice the hand laterality is used as an index for the type and degree of cerebral hemisphere domination, for condition of gestural laterality with the usability of the dominant hand and form the differentiation of the dominant hand in the case of minimal difference in handidness.
Dominance (genetics)
Cerebral hemisphere
Right hemisphere
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Cerebral hemisphere
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Two surveys were conducted to investigate the relationship between handedness and various variables that have been considered to be either more fundamental indices of an underlying laterality than handedness or have been proposed as moderating the relationship between handedness and cerebral lateralization. In the first survey (N = 686), sighting eye dominance was found to be related to handedness. In the second (N = 799), arm folding and leg crossing, but not hand clasping or spreading the fingers, were found to be related to handedness. Although these variables are correlated with handedness, they do not have the properties that would make them likely to improve prediction of cerebral lateralization.
Cerebral hemisphere
Brain asymmetry
Dominance (genetics)
Left handed
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Clockwise
Whorl (mollusc)
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A previous study we reported in this journal suggested that left and right-handers may differ in their patterns of lateralization for different language tasks (Woodhead et al. 2019 R. Soc. Open Sci. 6 , 181801. ( doi:10.1098/rsos.181801 )). However, it had too few left-handers ( N = 7) to reach firm conclusions. For this update paper, further participants were added to the sample to create separate groups of left- ( N = 31) and right-handers ( N = 43). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that lateralization would be weaker at the group level in left-than right-handers; and (2) that left-handers would show weaker covariance in lateralization between tasks, supporting a two-factor model. All participants performed the same protocol as in our previous paper: lateralization was measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography during six different language tasks, on two separate testing sessions. The results supported hypothesis 1, with significant differences in laterality between groups for four out of six tasks. For hypothesis 2, structural equation modelling showed that there was stronger evidence for a two-factor model in left than right-handers; furthermore, examination of the factor loadings suggested that the pattern of laterality across tasks may also differ between handedness groups. These results expand on what is known about the differences in laterality between left- and right-handers.
Left handed
Transcranial Doppler
Left and right
Right handed
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