Knowledge of otic barotrauma among air travelers in Sialkot, Pakistan
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Abstract:
Background: Otic barotrauma (OBT) is defined as traumatic inflammation in human middle ear that occurs at the time of avian drop. However, it can be avoided using its adequate knowledge. The objective of present study was to evaluate the knowledge of the trauma among air travelers in Sialkot city of Punjab, Pakistan.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enlisted male adult International air travelers (n=50) from Sialkot city, Pakistan between November 2018 and April 2019 using purposive sampling technique. A specially developed questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = .82) having 12 close-ended items on barotrauma (total possible score 12) was administered to the participants at their home. Level of knowledge was categorized as inadequate (score 0-6), moderate (7-9) and adequate (10-12). Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to see the association between adequate knowledge on the OBT and sociodemographic variables using a P-value < .05 as statistically significant.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 47.60±9.9 years. Most of them (n=36; 72%) travelled for work reason. Almost all i.e. 46 (92%) gave correct response against item 1 (information provider about air trauma) and 12 (treatment of otic barotrauma) of the administered questionnaire. The rate of adequate knowledge on OBT was found to be higher among those having more than two-time travelling experience (82.9%, P = .02). However, there was no significant difference in knowledge of the barotrauma between people having less than or more than 12 years of science education (P = .59). All the business tourists (n = 5) had adequate knowledge of barotrauma followed by jobbers (n=25) and pilgrims (n=3), respectively.
Conclusions: Business tourists have adequate knowledge on otic barotrauma associated with air travel than jobbers or Hajj/Umrah pilgrims.Keywords:
Ogun state
Cross-sectional study
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The research was undertaken to assess students' perception of continuous assessment as a precursor to academic performance among junior secondary school students in Ogun state. Five hundred and five students who were randomly selected divided into two groups were involved in the study. Three null hypotheses were generated for the study. Using student test to analysed the data, results indicated that there is significant difference between the perception of students from highly educated parents and those from low education homes to Continuous Assessment as a precursor to academic performance; here is significant difference between the perception of male and female students to Continuous Assessment and, there is no significant difference between the perception of students from urban and rural students. Recommendations were made based on these findings. IFE Psychologia Vol.12(2) 2004: 116-124
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Physicochemical analysis were carried out on water samples from Ogun river collected from Lafenwa (a densely populated area) and Akin-Olugbade (a sparsely populated area) in Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria.The results obtained showed that parameters like Alkalinity, pH, acidity, Chloride, Magnesium and Calcium were in the normal range and Chromium, Lead, Nickel, Zinc and Cadmium contents were below detection limit.Parameters such as nitrite, total solid, total suspended solid and total dissolved solid, Manganese, Sodium, Potassium, Iron and Copper were found to be out of desirable levels.The turbidity values ranges between 67.35 and 76.81.Total solid, total suspended solid and total dissolved solid ranged 884.00 -896.00,446.00 -448.09;438.00 -448.00 mg/l respectively.The Alkalinity ranges from 42.90 mg/l (at Lafenwa) to 43.60 mg/l (at Akin-Olugbade).The acidity values are between 4.60mg/l and 3.60 mg/l.The Chloride was in samples as 8.98mg/l(at Akin-Olugbade) and 9.86 (at Lafenwa) Samples from Akin-Olugbade have the least value of (36.10 mg/l) for total hardness while samples from Lafenwa had the highest value (38.10mg/l), pH values ranges between 7.60 and 7.72.The Nitrite contents observed for all samples are above the standards of SON, NAFDAC and WHO, samples from Akin-Olugbade has a mean value of 0. 65mg/l and Lafenwa 0.69mg/l, Calcium content is present in all the samples, 22.10mg/l for Akin-Olugbade and 33.10 for Lafenwa.Magnesium content is 14.10mg/l for Akin-Olugbade and 5.10mg/l for Lafenwa, Manganese, Sodium, Potassium, Iron and Copper contents observed for all samples were 289 ±27.60 -466 ± 100, 74600 ± 624 -77400 ±414 , 31300 ± 1.41 -33200 ±1150, 13800 ± 185 -16100 ±618, 61 ± 7.07 -176 ±23.30respectively.The observations indicate a better quality for the river water, yet unsafe for some human activities except them are properly treated and screened.
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The hemoglobin (Hb) levels of blood samples from vegetarians and non-vegetarians were determined for the purpose of assessing their nutritional status and making recommendation. A total of forty subjects aged between 18 and 40 years from Ilisan and Sagamu in Ogun State, Nigeria voluntarily participated in the study. Results of the preliminary study showed that there was no significant difference between the male vegetarians and their non-vegetarian counterparts (p>0.01). On the other hand significant difference was determined between the female groups (p
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Aim: To document the level of ITNs ownership and utilization for children within the Sagamu Local Government Area in Ogun State three years after the commencement of major distribution exercise of this simple tool. Study Design: A descriptive cross -sectional community based study. Place and Duration of Study: Sagamu Local Government area in Nigeria. May 2009. Methodology: Study involved one hundred and thirty one (131) children within the Local Government with fever or a 2 day history of fever prior to the day of the meeting following a 3 day community campaign. They were enrolled into the study using a systematic random sampling method. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered by research assistants/investigators to obtain data on ownership of ITNs by the caregiver and their utilization by the index child. Factors that may affect ownership and utilization were also documented. Frequency tables were generated for all the categorical variables and association between them tested using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Level of significance was set at p value <0.05.
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Local government area
Categorical variable
Chi-square test
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