First and second waves of coronavirus disease-19: A comparative study in hospitalized patients in Reus, Spain
Simona IftimieAna F. López‐AzconaImmaculada VallverdúSalvador Hernández-FlixGabriel de FebrerSandra ParraAnna Hernández‐AguileraFrancesc RiuJorge JovenNatàlia AndreychukGerard Baiges‐GayàFrédéric BallesterM. Oltra BenaventJosé BurdeosAlba CatalàÈric CastañéHelena CastañéJosep ColomM. FeliuXavier Gabaldó-BarriosDiana GarridoPedro GarridoJoan GilPaloma GuelbenzuCarolina Ramirez LozanoFrancesc MarimónPedro PardoIsabel PujolAntoni RabassaLaia RevueltaMarta RíosNeus Rius‐GordilloElisabet Rodríguez‐TomàsWojciech RojewskiEsther Roquer-FanloNoèlia SabatéAnna Maria Bassols TeixidóC. VascoJordi CampsAntoni Castro
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Abstract:
Many countries have seen a two-wave pattern in reported cases of coronavirus disease-19 during the 2020 pandemic, with a first wave during spring followed by the current second wave in late summer and autumn. Empirical data show that the characteristics of the effects of the virus do vary between the two periods. Differences in age range and severity of the disease have been reported, although the comparative characteristics of the two waves still remain largely unknown. Those characteristics are compared in this study using data from two equal periods of 3 and a half months. The first period, between 15 th March and 30 th June, corresponding to the entire first wave, and the second, between 1 st July and 15 th October, corresponding to part of the second wave, still present at the time of writing this article. Two hundred and four patients were hospitalized during the first period, and 264 during the second period. Patients in the second wave were younger and the duration of hospitalization and case fatality rate were lower than those in the first wave. In the second wave, there were more children, and pregnant and post-partum women. The most frequent signs and symptoms in both waves were fever, dyspnea, pneumonia, and cough, and the most relevant comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic neurological diseases. Patients from the second wave more frequently presented renal and gastrointestinal symptoms, were more often treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation and corticoids, and less often with invasive mechanical ventilation, conventional oxygen therapy and anticoagulants. Several differences in mortality risk factors were also observed. These results might help to understand the characteristics of the second wave and the behaviour and danger of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mediterranean area and in Western Europe. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.Keywords:
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Objective To evaluate curative effect of mechanical ventilation in treatment of acute left heart failure.Methods 37 patents of acute left ventricular failure carried out non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation.The changes of blood gas analysis,heart rate and blood pressure were observed.34 patents of acute left ventricular failure without mechanical ventilation were as the control group.The clinical data and fatality rate were analyzed.Results For patents in mechanical ventilation group,their heart rate and blood gas analysis were obviously improved before treatment.Compared with control group,fatality rate of patents in mechanical ventilation group was obviously reduced.Conclusion Mechanical ventilation can quickly and effectively cure acute left ventricular failure to reduce fatality rate.
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COVID-19 is not the world's first pandemic, not its worst, or likely to be its last. In fact, there have been many pandemics throughout history with lessons for the current one. The most destructive pandemic of all time, at least in terms of the number of people killed in the shortest time, was the "Spanish flu" pandemic of 1918/1919. Why did it happen? What lessons did it teach us? And could it happen again? These questions are addressed in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic and several other nearly equally devastating pandemics of earlier times
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Background: There is a huge global loss of lives due to COVID-19 pandemic, the primary epicentre of which is China, where the causative agent of the disease, SARS-CoV-2 was first emerged in December 2019. This study aims to explore the severity, in terms of case fatality rate (CFR), of COVID-19 pandemic.
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