The XGBoost and the SVM-based prediction models for bioretention cell decontamination effect
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Bioretention
Human decontamination
Low Impact Development (LID) is a green infrastructure approach to ease the surface runoff that arises due to climate change and from an increasing impervious surface area caused by urbanization. This study aims to determine which LID control is best suited for Barangay San Rafael, San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. Using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a hydraulic model of the area was created to apply the LIDs and simulate a runoff. The data used in SWMM for the runoff simulation is the monthly rainfall values for year 2020. Based on the simulation using SWMM, the existing drainage system has a high total flood volume with total flood volume of 243.511 liters. Based on the data collected from SWMM, the most effective combination with total flood volume of 50.884 liters was the combination of all the LID practices. The study has used three (3) different LID practices and the combinations of the LID practices to obtain the ideal LID combination namely, Bioretention Cell, Bioswale, Bioswale and Permeable Pavement. In the final analysis, the combination of Permeable Pavement, Bioretention Cell, and Bioswale is the best combination out of the three LID controls mentioned. Bioretention Cells are primarily used in parking lot islands, traffic islands, and driveway runoff. The same is true for Permeable Pavement, which is used mainly on roadways and parking lot islands. Considering the total flood volume that the SWMM calculated, the combination of the three LID parameters alone has the lowest total flood volume.
Bioretention
Low-impact development
Impervious surface
Flood control
Pervious concrete
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Bioretention
Low-impact development
Tile drainage
Ditch
Hydrological modelling
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Bioretention
Low-impact development
Groundwater Pollution
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Bioretention
Low-impact development
Footprint
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Bioretention
Low-impact development
Green infrastructure
Impervious surface
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Low-impact development (LID) is increasingly used to reduce stormwater’s quality and quantity impacts associated with climate change and increased urbanization. However, due to the significant variations in their efficiencies and site-specific requirements, an optimal combination of different LIDs is required to benefit from their full potential. In this article, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was coupled with the stormwater management model (SWMM) to identify both hydrological and cost-effective LIDs combinations within a large urban watershed. MOGA iteratively optimizes the types, sizes, and locations of different LIDs using a combined cost- and runoff-related objective function under both past and future stormwater conditions. The infiltration trench (IT), rain barrel (RB), rain gardens (RG), bioretention (BR), and permeable pavement were used as potential LIDs since they are common in our study area—the city of Renton, WA, USA. The city is currently adapting different LIDs to mitigate the recent increase in stormwater system failures and flooding. The results from our study showed that the optimum combination of LIDs in the city could reduce the peak flow and total runoff volume by up to 62.25% and 80% for past storms and by13% and 29% for future storms, respectively. The findings and methodologies presented in this study are expected to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve the performance of large-scale implementations of LIDs.
Bioretention
Low-impact development
Swale
Rainwater Harvesting
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This article presents the elements involved in the design of a bioretention planter/trench infiltration-detention system as part of a very large-scale urban retrofit project. The prototype system was designed to intercept all of the runoff from a synthetic 5.08-mm 24-h rainfall event. Diverted flows were conveyed into bioretention planter for treatment. The bioretention systems were fingerprinted into areas comprising 0.8% of the contributory drainage areas, with an associated stone trench comprising another 3.4%. As layered systems, an approach that is capable of modeling vertical flows in addition to dynamic routing of outflows is used. The system was first modeled using HydroCAD, a design storm event modeling software. A four-compartment node system is used to model the dynamics of flow through the layers. The system was then modeled using SWMM 5.0.014 continuous simulation software. The resulting response to a design storm was computed by both of these models to compare the results of each method. The resulting SWMM model was then run on the 2005 design year rainfall distribution. Under existing conditions, over 60% of annual runoff volume exceeded the 3.50 L⋅s−1⋅ha−1(0.05 cfs-ac−1) threshold for initiation of combined sewer overflows (CSOs). Nearly all runoff was intercepted by the planter/trench infiltration system and even with a soil infiltration rate of only 2.54 mm⋅h−1, 47% was infiltrated, and less than 6% was discharged at rates that could initiate CSOs. The number of CSO exceedance pulses was reduced from 233 to 6, a reduction of 97%. The volume of flows exceeding the CSO threshold decreased by 90% in the planter/trench system.
Bioretention
Infiltration (HVAC)
Low-impact development
Combined sewer
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Recent techniques should be investigated in detail to avoid present and future problems of urbanization like flood, drought and water pollution. Low Impact Development (LID) Best Management Practices (BMPs) such as bioretentions, green roofs, rain barrels, vegetative swales, and permeable pavements have been implemented to diminish the adverse effects of urbanization. In this study, a hydrological model for a Rainfall-Watershed-Bioretention (RWB) system is developed by using the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). RWB system is an experimental setup which consists of an artificial rainfall system, a drainage area and four bioretention columns with different soil mixtures. The hydrological modeling capability of SWMM for bioretentions is presented using the experimental data obtained from the experiments conducted in the RWB system under different rainfall events and for bioretentions with different designs. Finally, the modeling results of SWMM are compared with the results of the Hydrological Model of RWB (HM-RWB) system. Results show that EPA SWMM performs well in modeling bioretentions whereas the results of HM-RWB are in better agreement with the experimental data.
Bioretention
Swale
Hydrological modelling
Low-impact development
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Recent rainfall patterns in Korea show that both of the total amount of rainfall and the total number of heavy rain days have been increased. Therefore, the damage resulted from flood disaster has been dramatically increased in Korea. The purpose of the present study is to analyze flooding in an urban area using SWMM linked with FLUMEN. The study area is Suyeong-Mangmi lowland area, Busan, Korea. Suyeong-Mangmi lowland area have been a flooding hazard zone since 1995. The last flooding cases of this area occurred on July 7th and 16th, 2009, and the later flooding case was analyzed in this study. The first step of computation is calculating flow through storm sewers using the urban runoff simulation model of SWMM. The flooding hydrographs are used in the inundation analysis model of FLUMEN. The results of inundation analysis were compared with the real flooding situation of the study area. The real maximum inundation depth was guessed by 1.0 m or more on July 16th. The computation yields the maximum inundation depth of 1.2 m and the result was somewhat overestimated. The errors may be resulted from the runoff simulation and incapability of simulation using FLUMEN for flow into buildings. The models and procedures used in this study can be applied to analysis of flooding resulted from severe rainfall and insufficiency of drainage capacity.
Urban area
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Due to urbanization, and replacing natural pervious lands by impermeable surfaces, the patterns of rainfall-runoff are altered and thus, negatively influence natural water systems regarding both water quantity and water quality. Bioretention as an efficient LID practice has received significant interest in the recent years. Bioretention practice due to its advantages can be considered as one of the most promising LID practices that maintains the fundamental hydrologic functions in a natural environment and can be integrated into neighborhood landscaping. The primary objective of the current study is analyzing the effects of inflow and outflow characteristics on right-of-way (roadside) bioretention facilities. Inlet and outlet flow hydrographs under several design storm conditions were examined. After the formulation of a SWMM model (node and link plus LID), numerical experiments including sensitive analysis will be designed to simulate and investigate the runoff control performance of a right-of-way bioretention facility. The effective length of the bioretention was found by FLOW3D software (finite element). The performance of the bioretention cell with the effective lengths (12 &16m) reinvestigated and results compared to original bioretention cell
Bioretention
Low-impact development
Inflow
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