Relationship between body fat percentage and body mass index of Huai'an
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Abstract:
Objective To survey the actuality of body composition for adults in Huai'an and know the relationship between body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI).Methods A total of 1700 health adults were enrolled in this study.It was measured by bioelectrical impedance for weight,WHR,F%,BMI,visceral fat area,in comparison with the part index of adult in Shanghai,Taiyuan and Tokyo.The obesity diagnosis outpoint was determined for the research object.Results Along with the age,BMI and F% were significantly increased year by year trend,but not balanced.The adult index of BMI or F% in Huai'an was similar to the distribution of Shanghai,Taiyuan and Tokyo,however,there were significant differences between that BMI of 20-30 years old male and F% of 50-60 years old female.As the growth of the age,the visceral fat area distribution was increasing.Men achieve 50% visceral type obesity than women about ten years earlier.The again obese outpoint of male in Huai'an was 24.625 kg/m2,and female was 22.505 kg/m2.Regression equations showed that:F%(male)=WHR×233.241-BMI×0.673-year×0.297-156.3;F%(female)=WHR×43.388+BMI×0.928-year×0.083-25.43.Conclusions There is malconformation between BMI and F%.Along with chronic disease prevention,the outpoint of obese diagnosis should be properly adjusted.Keywords:
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Body Fat Percentage
Body volume index
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Background: International standards define clinical obesity according to body mass index (BMI) without reference to age and gender. Recent studies among adults in the normal to mildly obese BMI ranges have shown that the relationship between BMI and per cent body fat (% fat) differs by age and gender. The extent to which age and gender affect the relationship between BMI and % fat among more severely obese individuals is less known. Aim: The aim was to examine the age–gender association between measured BMI and % fat from a large cohort of adults, including a large number of severely obese subjects (1862 with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 ). Methods: BMI was computed from measured height and weight, and % fat was estimated from bioelectrical impedance in 3068 adults. Two impedance equations, the Sun equation and the Heath equation (specific to severe obesity), were used to calculate % fat. Results: Average age for 991 men and 2077 women was 46 ± 15 vs. 44 ± 14 years respectively (p = 0.0003). The average BMI was 36 ± 9 kg/m 2 for men and 39 ± 10 kg/m 2 for women (p < 0.0001), with a combined gender BMI range of 19–74 kg/m 2 . Using the Sun equation, average % fat was 31 ± 8 vs. 46 ± 8% (p < 0.0001) for all men and women respectively. With the Sun equation, age‐adjusted Spearman correlations between all BMI and % fat values were r = 0.80 and r = 0.83 for men and women, respectively, but only 0.60 (n = 479) and 0.61 (n = 1383) in severely obese participants (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 ). Using the Heath equation, only for participants with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 , the age‐adjusted Spearman correlations improved to r = 0.82 (n = 479) and r = 0.70 (n = 1383) for men and women respectively. Finally, by combining the Sun equation for subjects with BMI < 35 kg/m 2 and the Heath equation for those with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 , correlations improved to 0.89 for men and 0.87 for women. Using these combined equations, the relationship between BMI and % fat was best fit as a linear function for men and curvilinear function (both p < 0.001) for women across the range of BMI. The % fat was approximately 10% higher for any BMI value among women vs. men even among the severely obese (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These data that include a large cohort of severely obese individuals demonstrated a linear association between BMI and % fat for men and a curvilinear association between BMI and % fat for women when Sun and Heath equations were combined. Assuming disease risk is driven by adiposity, this study suggests a need to further explore the appropriateness of gender‐specific BMI cutpoints for clinical risk assessment due to the marked difference in the BMI–per cent fat relation observed in men and women across the entire range of BMI.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Body adiposity index
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Objectives The objective of this study was to examine if, in the general population, physically active adults have less body fat after taking body mass index (BMI) into account. Design A cross-sectional analysis of participants recruited into UK Biobank in 2006–2010. Setting UK Biobank assessment centres throughout the UK. Participants 119 230 men and 140 578 women aged 40–69 years, with complete physical activity information, and without a self-reported long-term illness, disability or infirmity. Exposures Physical activity measured as excess metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours per week, estimated from a combination of walking, and moderate and vigorous physical activity. BMI from measured height and weight. Main outcome measure Body fat percentage estimated from bioimpedance. Results BMI and body fat percentage were highly correlated (r=0.85 in women; r=0.79 in men), and both were inversely associated with physical activity. Compared with <5 excess MET-hours/week at baseline, ≥100 excess MET-hours/week were associated with a 1.1 kg/m 2 lower BMI (27.1 vs 28.2 kg/m 2 ) and 2.8 percentage points lower body fat (23.4% vs 26.3%) in men, and 2.2 kg/m 2 lower BMI (25.6 vs 27.7 kg/m 2 ) and 4.0 percentage points lower body fat (33.9% vs 37.9%) in women. For a given BMI, greater physical activity was associated with lower average body fat percentage (for a BMI of 22.5–24.99 kg/m 2 : 2.0 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.2), percentage points lower body fat in men and 1.8 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.0) percentage points lower body fat in women, comparing ≥100 excess MET-hours per week with <5 excess MET-hours/week). Conclusions In this sample of middle-aged adults, drawn from the general population, physical activity was inversely associated with BMI and body fat percentage. For people with the same BMI, those who were more active had a lower body fat percentage.
Cross-sectional study
Association (psychology)
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Objective To investigate the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) in Chinese adults Methods 16 354 subjects (≥25 years)with complete oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) data were selected from the database of the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Cooperative Group (1994) and were divided into groups according to sex, age(25～34 years, 35～54 years, 55～ 64 years, ≥65 years), blood glucose and latitude of areas The distribution of BMI and WHR was analyzed Results (1) In the overall population, the mean BMI of both sexes was the same (24 3 kg/m 2) WHR of male is 0 89 and female 0 86 Among the four age groups, BMI and WHR of male and female increased with age (2) The changes of BMI and WHR of different sex and age groups in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were similar to the overall population, but the mean levels in the former were lower than those in the latter ( P 0 05) BMI of both sexes in NGT was the same (23 6 kg/m 2) WHR of male is 0 88 and female 0 85 (3) BMI in different age groups decreased gradually from north to south, for the 25～34 year group it was 24 1, 23 5 and 22 3 kg/m 2; for the 35～54 year group 25 5, 24 7 and 23 7 kg/m 2; for the 55～64 years group 25 5, 25 1 and 23 9 kg/m 2; for the ≥65 year group 25 5, 24 3 and 23 4 kg/m 2 ( P 0 01), whereas WHR increased from north to south The changes of BMI and WHR in both sexes were also similar (4) From the north to south, the percentage of people with BMI25 kg/m 2 was 49 8%, 56 8%and 68 7%; BMI≥25 kg/m 2 50 2%, 43 2% and 31 3%; BMI≥27 kg/m 2 30 0%, 23 0% and 13 7% There were significant differences among the groups ( P 0 05) (5) The changes of BMI and WHR of NGT, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and newly diagnosed diabetes in the different areas were similar to the overall population The BMI and WHR increased significantly with blood glucose in the same area ( P 0 01) Conclusion The mean BMI of both men and women is 24 3 kg/m 2 in Chinese adults WHR of the male is 0 89 and female is 0 86 In NGT, BMI of both sexes is 23 6 kg/m 2 WHR of male is 0 88 and female 0 85 BMI and WHR go up with the increase of blood glucose and age BMI decreases along with the declining of latitude, but WHR presents an opposite trend of change
Waist–hip ratio
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC) and body fat distribution.Methods:Anthropometric measurements,percentage of body fat were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) in 449 men(mean age 38.74±16.5 years) and 569 women(mean age 40.23±15.6 years)of healthy adults aged 18-74 years.Subjects were divided by BMI 18.5-23.9 for normal weight,BMI 24-27.9 for overweight,BMI 28 for obesity,and by WC ≤85cm in men and ≤80cm in women for health,WC 85cm in men and 80cm in women for abdominal adiposity.Results:The anthropometric results were progressively and significantly higher with increasing of BMI in both men and women.The mean age was 44 and 45 years in overweight and obesity respectively in men,significantly younger than in women.waist-to-height ratio was more correlated than BMI,WHR,and CI.Conclusion:Subjects at age of 45 have a highter risk to develop obesity in men.Waist circumference in the normal weight individuals should not be more than half of their heights.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Circumference
Waist-to-height ratio
Body volume index
Abdominal obesity
Body adiposity index
Body Fat Percentage
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Several studies have raised the suspicion that the body mass index (BMI) cut-off for overweight as defined by the WHO may not adequately reflect the actual overweight status. The present study looked at the relationship between BMI and body fat per cent (BF %) / health risks (hypertension and type 2 diabetes) in male residents of Lucknow city, north India to evaluate the validity of BMI cut-off points for overweight.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Body Fat Percentage
Cut-off
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Citations (58)
Background: Adolescent obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century having high prevalence rate in low- and middle-income countries, including in Asia. The relationship between BMI and body fat percentage (BF %) has been studied in various ethnic groups to estimate the ability of BMI to predict adiposity. Accuracy of obesity screening by commonly used BMI criteria is unclear in young south Indian population.Materials and method: A total of 2212 participant (1320 males and 892 females) mean age was 11.5±1.6 years. BMI and BF% were recorded, the latter was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated (kg/m2)). A comparison between study population and previously available nationally representative (1989) data was performed for each age-sex group. WHO cut-off values were used and their respective status was assigned. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was expressed in percentagesResults: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 21.6% and 10.4%, respectively as per BMI category, while according to BF%, it was 17.0% and 10.9% respectively and the mean differences were found to be statistically significant (P=0.001. The fat percentages in girls were higher than in boys. BMI noted to increase with age in young in both boys and girls. This curvilinear effect was more significant in females (R2 = 0.27, R2 change = 0.058, SEE 11.5%) (p =
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Cross-sectional study
Body Fat Percentage
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Citations (1)
Objective
To explore the difference of four calculating methods used to determine the obesity.
Methods
Two thousand four hundred and forty six (2446) men and three hundred and seventy nine (379) women were measured height and body mass, Standard body mass, BMI, body fat ratio and obesity index (OI) were calculated with formula According to the BMI≥25 kg/m2、BMI≥27 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 ,the obese adults were 1419,680 and 435 respectively; there were 649 adults that their body mass was over 20% standard body mass; there were 639 adults that their body fat ratio was over 25% (male) and 33% (female).
Results
For obesity determination, the adults who were 20% overweight and over standard body fat ratio were significantly different from those whose BMI were over 25 kg/m2 (P 0.05 ) ; Those who were 20% overweight and over standard body fat ratio were significantly different from those whose BMI were over 28 kg/m2 (P < 0.05) .
Conclusion
Determining obesity with BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 is feasible and rational.
Key words:
Obesity; Body mass index; Body fat ratio; Standard body mass
Body volume index
Body adiposity index
Body Fat Percentage
Body shape
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Objectives: To explore the epidemiological distribution of body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR) and abdominal circumference in population of Nanjing,Jiangsu Province. Methods: BMI, WHR and abdominal circumference were measured on 3 445 healthy cases aged 18～90 of Nanjing. Epidemiological distribution of BMI,WHR and abdominal circumference were analyzed according to sex and age. Results:The total mean BMI was( 23.28 ±3.49)kg/m 2, and the BMI in male was higher〔(23.80±3.36)kg/m 2〕 than that in female 〔(22.25± 3.49)kg/m 2〕( t =12.75, P 0.001).The proportion of the cases whose BMI≥25 was 30.9%,and the proportion of the cases whose BMI≥30 was 3.4 %. The BMI showed a gradual increase with the age growing up to forty nine, but a decline occurred subsequently in elder people. On the other hand, the WHR and abdominal circumference showed a steady increase with aging. Conclusions: As the living standard improved, the epidemiological distribution of BMI, WHR and abdominal circumference have changed a lot,and a new diagnostic criterion to define obesity should be established.
Abdominal obesity
Circumference
Waist–hip ratio
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Obesity is a metabolic disease that has reached epidemic proportions. The WHO has declared obesity as the largest global chronic health problem in adults, including in India. BMI is widely used as a deputy measure of obesity, but underestimates the prevalence of obesity, defined as an excess of body fat. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) in females. The study was a cross-sectional design. A selected sample of 70 females aged 25-50 years participated in a detailed height and weight measurement were taken using standard methodology and body fat percent estimated by bio - electrical impendence analysis (BIA). Results to the present study body fat were found to be higher in female subjects and 70 percent of subjects had body fat more than 30 percent. According to BMI 68 percent subjects were found to be overweight and obese subjects were having lower range increased the percent BF of subjects also increased. This shows positive relationship between BMI and percent BF. This proves that the figures are alarming among females. The purpose of this study prevention and control of this problem because obesity is the root of various diseases in adult life.
Body Fat Percentage
Body volume index
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Background: Childhood obesity is a precursor for later disease risk and it is important to obtain a better understanding of the body composition and body mass index (BMI) in children. Objective: To determine the body composition and its relation with BMI of adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of 3356 school children in age group 12 to 19 years residing in Imphal-West District, Manipur was conducted during May 2005 to May 2008. BMI and Body composition were determined using the TANITA Body Composition Analyzer (TBF-300, JAPAN). Results: The mean (Standard Deviation) BMI among boys and girls were 18.7 (2.6) and 19.2 (2.8) respectively and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that BMI was significantly associated with waist circumference, weight, fat%, total body water (P = 0.000) and fat free mass (P = 0.041) among the boys and inversely associated with height, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (P = 0.000). Among girls, BMI was positively associated with hip circumference (P = 0.035), weight (P = 0.000), fat% (P = 0.000) and total body water (P = 0.000) and inversely associated with height (P = 0.04). Conclusion: Though fat percentage was found to be significantly correlated with BMI, it could explain little of the variation in BMI.
Circumference
Body Fat Percentage
Waist–hip ratio
Body adiposity index
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