Effect of age and gender on some blood biochemical parameters of apparently healthy small ruminants from Southern Punjab in Pakistan
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Objective:To report and compare the hematological and serum biochemical profile of goal and sheep from Rahim Yar Khan district in Southern Punjab.Methods:One hundred and twenty blood samples(98 goat and 22 sheep) were collected and their blood glucose, hemoglobin and serum biochemical parameters,cholesterol,aspartate transaminase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were determined by using spectrophotometer.Parameters were compared between goat and sheep.Results:It was observed that glucose(P=0.001),LDH(P=0.001) and ALT(P=0.001) concentrations differed significantly between sheep and goats.The studied parameters were compared between buck and goats and also between young goats(less than 12 months old) and adults(more than 12 months old).It was found that age and gender did not affect these hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Condusions:It can be concluded that sheep have overall higher values than goals for studied hematological and serum biochemical parameters.Keywords:
Alanine aminotransferase
Aspartate transaminase
Transaminase
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ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and hematological effects of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat in district Dera Ghazi Khan. Blood samples (n=204) were collected comprise goats (n=101) and sheep (n=103) alongwith age, gender and breeds of animals. Samples were collected randomly from 25 flocks of 7 different union council Viz. Vehova, Tibbi Qaisrani, Lakhani, Kohar, Tuman Qaisrani, Nutkani and Kot Qaisrani of Tehsil Taunsa Sharif at least 4 animals from each flock. All ruminants divide into three groups based on age, breed and gender. The prevalence was detected through two different kits Viz. LAT and ELISA kit. The overall prevalence suspected in goats through LAT and ELISA kit was (35.64%), (32.67%) and in sheep was (25.24%), (23.30%) respectively. The Toxoplasma gondii had a significant effect on goats in age groups and non-significant all other groups of goats and sheep. Toxoplasma gondii had a significant effect on all hematological parameters like Hemoglobin, total leukocyte cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and red blood cells, except monocytes. In conclusion of the current study, toxoplasmosis is prevalent among ruminants, reveals the possibility of transmission to humans on the use of host animals as protein source.
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Seroprevalence
Toxoplasmosis
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The current study aimed to establish reference values for pregnant Egyptian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the second trimester of pregnancy. All animals included in the study were non-lactating. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry stated that at least 120 values were necessary to obtain reliable estimates for reference values. A total number of 134 clinically healthy midterm pregnant (3.5–7.0 months) buffaloes (3–8 years old) were included in this study. Animals were examined at the buffalo farms that belonged to the Assiut Governorate in the middle of Egypt. Three types of samples were collected: serum samples for biochemical analysis, whole blood samples for haematological analysis and faecal samples for parasitological examination. Animals that fit the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Biochemical analysis included serum total proteins, albumin, total globulins, α-, β- and γ-globulin levels, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, iron, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and glucose levels. In addition, 20 haematological variables were measured. The 95% reference intervals were calculated by removing the upper and lower 2.5% of the intervals for each serum biochemical constituent to give 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Confidence intervals were calculated for each reference limit. Reference values from the current study were compared with the established values for cows. The current study is the first study to established reference values for the blood biochemical and haematological constituents in non-lactating buffaloes during the second trimester of pregnancy.
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This cross sectional study aims at determining the effect of gastrointestinal nematodes on haematological and biochemical parameters in goats. 368 goats that were presented to the Campus Veterinary Hospital and Ambulatory Clinical Services, Mylardevpally, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, from December-2017 to June-2018. Out of which 140 goats (38.04%) were found positive for gastrointestinal nematodal infestation. Ten apparently healthy goats (Group I) which were negative for gastrointestinal nematodal infestation were selected, subjected to haematological and biochemical investigations and they served as healthy control group. Goats positive for gastrointestinal nematodal infestation were randomly divided into two groups (II and III) with each group having 10 positive cases. There was significant (p<0.05) decrease in the mean Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Total erythrocyte counts (TEC) and lymphocytes, Total serum proteins (TSP), Albumin levels whereas, significant (p<0.05) increase in Total leucocyte counts (TLC), eosinophils, monocytes and Globulin and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) counts in infestated goats. It was concluded that decreased haemoglobin, total erythrocyte counts, total serum proteins, albumin were important indicators of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in goats.
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Theileriosis is an important protozoal disease of domestic animals with a substantial role in reduction of production (milk and meat). The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum homocysteine and cardiac troponin I as biomarkers of cardiovascular damage in sheep affected by theileriosis based on gender and breed in Urmia city. After diagnosis of theileriosis based on clinical and laboratory symptoms, 30 infected sheep were selected (15 Ghezel breed and 15 Makouei breed) with 8 males and 7 females from each breed. Meanwhile, the same number of healthy sheep (based on sex and breed) were selected as healthy group. Thereafter, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein in both groups and the previously mentioned parameters were measured and evaluated statistically. The results showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in all parameters in diseased sheep in comparison to healthy ones. In terms of gender, significant increase in all parameters were observed in males compared with females and in the case of breed, there was a significant difference between the Makouei breed with healthy sheep and Ghezel with healthy ones (p≤ 0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that increase of serum homocysteine and cardiac troponin I in sheep with theileriosis, especially in males, could be a warning that careful attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of sheep with theileriosis.
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This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the effect of trichostrongylosis on clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters in goats. The study included eight healthy control goats and 48 naturally infected goats from the Anand district of Gujarat. The cases having a history of diarrhea, anorexia, weakness, dullness, loss of weight, and not dewormed were selected. Fecal samples of infected goats were examined by direct smear method for the presence of Trichostrongylus spp. eggs and the infection was confirmed by quantitative evaluation and coproculture of the samples for the identification of larvae. The result indicated that the infected goats have significantly elevated rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate along with diarrhea, dullness, depression, emaciation, and loss of condition. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the mean Hb, TEC, PCV, lymphocyes, as well as serum total protein, calcium and phosphorus, and a significant increase in TLC, neutrophils, eosinophils, ALT, AST and ALP in infected goats.
Emaciation
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Trichostrongylus
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The cross-sectional study was carried out to compare the hematological and serum biochemical profiles between bovine tuberculosis (bTB) affected and apparently healthy cattle during the period from March 2014 to October 2016. A total of 189 blood samples were collected from 93 bTB affected and 96 apparently healthy cattle of 3 Upazilas of Chittagong. The bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was diagnosed primarily by Caudal Fold Tuberculin Tests (CFTT) and confirmed by the Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CITT). The whole blood was analyzed for hematology, and serum samples were used for biochemical analysis. The study revealed that, the values for TEC, Hb and PCV were higher in infected cohort (based on CFTT) in compare to their counterpart control group. Among these three parameters only PCV values were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Only basophil percentage was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in infected cohort. The values of total protein, albumin, creatinine and SGOT were insignificantly lower and the values of calcium & phosphorus were also insignificantly higher in bTB affected cattle than control group of cattle.
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Hematological and chemical status of blood in livestock can be used to diagnose the disruption of the hematologic system as well as help to diagnose many organ and systemic diseases. This study aimed to determine the hematology and blood chemistry status of various types of most frequently consumed ruminants in community. Types of ruminants used were cattle, goats and buffaloes. The research design was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 3 treatments on 3 types of male ruminants at slaughter age. Each treatment consisted of 3 times repetition. The animals used came from slaughterhouses in Kudus (cattle and buffaloes) and Semarang (goats). Observations of hematology and blood chemistry parameters were conducted on blood samples taken in the morning (at 03.00 a.m.). The parameters measured were the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin (Hb) content, number of leukocyte and blood chemistry consisted of HDL and LDL cholesterol. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the highest number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content was found in goats, whereas the highest LDL content was found in cattle. It can be concluded that goat has the best hematological status compared to cattle and buffalo.
Hematology
Blood chemistry
Hematology analyzer
Hematologic tests
Completely randomized design
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The Shetland ponies, which originate from harshest environments in the world islands in the north of the Atlantic Ocean, are now most popular pony breed distributed in almost every corner of the world. Reference ranges of physiological, biochemical and haematological values, which are widely used in veterinary clinics, may differ according to season, age, sex, type of feeding, and environmental circumstances of the area. Reference ranges of haematological and biochemical values of Shetland ponies are rare. The present study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the impact of season, age and sex on some haematological and biochemical values and cortisol levels in healthy ponies in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted between December 2016 to June 2017 on ponies in and around Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia. Twenty-three clinically healthy ponies males and females of different ages were included for haematological and biochemical analysis in this study. For each animal, blood samples were collected in summer and winter. Four physiological, fourteen haematological, sixteen biochemical parameters as well as serum cortisol levels were analysed. Heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse and rectal temperature were increased in summer in comparison to winter. Values of heart rate proved significant at P < 0.05. The results of blood haematology and biochemistry of the ponies revealed that there was no significant variation between summer and winter in most of the haematological and biochemical parameters, while there was a slight significant difference in leucocyte counts, monocytes, MCH, MPVK+, platelets and AST activity. There were significant differences in serum cortisol concentration regarding season and age but not regarding gender.
Shetland
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Hematology
Blood collection
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The present study aims at determining the effect of strongylosis on haematological and biochemical parameters in goats. Animals having eggs per gram (EPG) >2500 were selected and divided into three groups containing 30 goats in each group. Blood samples were collected from all the affected goats on the day of presentation. Results indicated that there was significant decrease (p
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Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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