Redox Buffering Capacity of Nanomaterials as an Index of ROS-based Therapeutics and Toxicity: A Preclinical Animal Study
Aniruddha AdhikariSusmita MondalMonojit DasRia GhoshPritam BiswasSoumendra DarbarSoumendra SinghAnjan Kumar DasSiddhartha BhattacharyaDebasish PalAsim Kumar MallickSamir Kumar Pal
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ABSTRACT Precise control of intracellular redox status, i.e., maintenance of physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for mediating normal cellular functions (oxidative eustress) while evading the excess ROS stress (distress) is central to the concept of redox medicine. In this regard, engineered nanoparticles with unique ROS generation, transition, or depletion functions have the potential to be the choice of redox therapeutics. However, it is always challenging to estimate whether ROS-induced intracellular events are beneficial or deleterious to the cell. Here, we propose the concept of redox buffering capacity as a therapeutic index of engineered nanomaterials. As a steady redox state is maintained for normal functioning cells, we hypothesize that the ability of a nanomaterial to preserve this homeostatic condition will dictate its therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the redox buffering capacity is expected to provide information about the nanoparticle toxicity. Here, using citrate functionalized trimanganese tetroxide nanoparticles (C-Mn 3 O 4 NPs) as a model nanosystem we explored its redox buffering capacity in erythrocytes. Furthermore, we went on to study the chronic toxic effect (if any) of this nanomaterial in animal model in order to co-relate with the experimentally estimated redox buffering capacity. This study could function as a framework for assessing the capability of a nanomaterial as redox medicine (whether maintains eustress or damages by creating distress), thus orienting its application and safety for clinical use.Keywords:
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This chapter contains sections titled: Solvent Effects on Various Types of Redox Reactions Fundamentals of Redox Reactions Solvent Effects on Redox Potentials and Redox Reaction Mechanisms Dynamical Solvent Effects on the Kinetics of Redox Reactions Redox Properties of Solvents and Potential Windows Redox Titrations in Non-Aqueous Solutions Titrations with Oxidizing Agents Titrations with Reducing Agents
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Recently, intensive attentions have been paid on low dimensional FePt nanomaterials because of their chemical stability and potential applications in high-density data storage and high-performance permanent magnets. These applications strongly relate to morphology and size of the FePt nanomaterials. The FePt nanomaterials with varied shapes, including sphere-like nanoparticles, cube-like nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanowires, have been successfully synthesized by using different methods. In these materials, one dimensional (1D) FePt nanomaterials have been becoming a fascinating field, since the nanomaterials have obvious shape anisotropy that results into unique magnetic performances. However, controllable synthesis for 1D FePt nanomaterials still is an insurmountable problem. An improved understanding of growth mechanism is significant for controllable synthesis of 1D FePt nanomaterials. In this work, controlled FePt nanowires have been synthesized. The growth process of the nanowires has been investigated. It's expected to understand the growth mechanism of 1D FePt nanomaterials.
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