Defect concentration regulation in nanoflower-like WO3 film and its influence on photocatalytic activity
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Abstract Present study has been carried out to develop a facile synthetic methodology for preparing single phase monoclinic and triclinic forms of GdBO 3 , a potential phosphor material. This is achieved by varying annealing temperatures and annealing steps. Detailed structural studies, using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques confirmed that, Gd 3+ ‐boric acid complexes formed initially at low temperatures (300 °C or less) get converted to monoclinic and triclinic forms of GdBO 3 depending upon annealing temperatures, annealing steps and heating rates. Multiple steps with slow heating rates (∼3 °C/min) lead to the formation of single phase triclinic form of GdBO 3 . Two step heating with relatively faster heating rates (5 °C/min and above) results in single phase monoclinic GdBO 3 . FTIR and Raman studies also confirmed that boron exists only as BO 4 structural units (in the form of B 3 O 9 3− rings) in monoclinic GdBO 3 and as BO 3 structural units in triclinic GdBO 3 . Luminescence studies carried out with Eu 3+ as a probe species confirmed more covalent nature around Eu 3+ /Gd 3+ ions with improved red colour emission from triclinic form of GdBO 3 compared to the monoclinic form.
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Abstract The structures of the four new telluridoindates (II) (monoclinic, space group C2/c, Z = 4), (III) (monoclinic, P2 1 /c, Z = 4), (IV) (triclinic, P $\bar 1$ , Z = 2), and (V) (tetragonal, I $\bar 4$ m2, Z = 4) are determined by single crystal XRD.
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In our article, we reported the observation of monoclinic M2 to M1 structural phase transition in VO 2 single crystal near the temperature of ∼49 °C. However, the re‐examination of Laue patterns reveals that previously defined monoclinic M1 and M2 phases can be interpreted as monoclinic M2 and triclinic T phases instead. Careful experimental geometry calibration and further refinement of the lattice parameter ratios and angles show that monoclinic M2 and triclinic T phases fit better with the experimental data. On the other hand, our previous misidentification of the insulating phases does NOT affect the conclusions of our article. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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Abstract Trielinic modification: C 12 N 4 O 3 H 16 . M r = 264.26, triclinic P 1 , a = 7.702(3), b = 9.420(11), c = 10.893(8) A, α = 73.37(8), β = 82.22(5), γ = 66.30(6)°, V = 638(1) A 3 , Z = 2, D m = 1.360 Mg m −3 , D x = 1.362 Mg m −3 , λ(MoK α ) = 0,71062 A, μ = 0.1084 mm −1 , F (000) = 280, T = 296 K, final R = 0.0742, w R = 0.0758 for 1842 reflections. Monoclinic modification: C 12 N 4 O 3 H 16 ·, 3/2H 2 O, M r = 291.28, monoclinic P 2 1 ,/c, α = 14.075(5), b = 12.631(6), c = 16.234(5) A, β = 99.25(3)°, V = 2849(1) A 3 , Z = 8, D m = 1.338 Mg m −3 , D m = 1.359 Mg m −3 , λ(MoK α ) = 0.71062 A, μ = 0.1134 mm −1 , F(000) = 1240, T = 296 K, final R = 0.0557, wR = 0.0691 for 1266 reflections. Comparison of the two independent Divascan® molecules of the monoclinic modification with the one of the triclinic modification demonstrates good agreement of related bond distances and angles in the molecules. Disorder of the hydroxyl groups of one Divascan® molecule of the monoclinic modification is announced by high vibration parameters of the related oxygen atom and a very short CO distance, which is not adequate to a real CO bond length.
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Organometallic Chemistry
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Crystals of disodium succinate have two distinct modifications, monoclinic and triclinic. These were recognized by electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) studies of. the free radicals produced by γ-irradiation. In the monoclinic crystals, e.s.r. spectra and radiation processes appear similar to those observed in γ- (or x-) irradiated succinic acid. The situation in triclinic crystals is more complex (see Part 2). In monoclinic crystals irradiated at 77 °K, two types of radical coexist. They were identified as − O 2 CCH 2 CH 2 ĊO 2 2− , 1, together with a distorted conformation of the radical − O 2 C(ĊHCH 2 )*CO 2 − , 2. On warming to room temperature the former species disappears while the latter changes irreversibly to a stable conformation − O 2 CĊHCH 2 CO 2 − , 3.
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Abstract Single crystal XRD results are reported for (I) (monoclinic, space group C2/c), (IIc) (monoclinic, P2 1 /n, Z = 4), and (IVb, c) (triclinic, P $\bar 1$ , Z = 1).
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A monoclinic modification of chloridomercurioferrocene, [FeHgCl(C5H4)(C5H5)], was found on its crystallization from acetonitrile. A triclinic form of the title compound [Sunkel & Kiessling (2001). J. Organomet. Chem. 637, 796–799] was crystallized from chloroform. Both forms have two molecules per asymmetric unit. In the monoclinic form, both molecules have an eclipsed conformation, while in the triclinic form one of them has an eclipsed and the other a staggered conformation. In the monoclinic crystals, molecules form infinite ribbons due to intermolecular secondary coordination between Hg and Cl atoms, while in the triclinic form molecules are arranged in tetramers.
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The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C10H6N4O4S2, contains two independent but similar molecules. The structure is a triclinic polymorph of the monoclinic structure reported previously [Brito, Mundaca, Cárdenas, López-Rodríguez & Vargas (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, o3351–o3352]. The most obvious difference between the two polymorphs is the C—S—S—C torsion angle [−80.13 (16), −79.8 (2) and 0° for the two molecules of the triclinic polymorph and the monoclinic polymorph, respectively]. The crystal structure of the title compound has two intramolecular C—H⋯S interactions with average H⋯S distances of 2.69 Å, whereas this kind of interaction is not evident in the monoclinic polymorph.
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