Pie zambo sindrómico más allá de la artrogriposis y el mielomeningocele: tratamiento ortopédico con el método de Ponseti
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El pie zambo supone una de las malformaciones congénitas del pie más frecuentes. Generalmente la etiología es idiopática. Sin embargo, pueden presentar una causa sindrómica y asociarse con afecciones musculoesqueléticas, neurológicas o del tejido conjuntivo, recibiendo en estos casos, la denominación de pie zambo sindrómico. El tratamiento de elección del pie zambo idiopático es el método Ponseti, basado en la manipulación y yesos seriados. También se ha demostrado su utilidad en pie zambo asociado con artrogriposis y mielomeningocele, pero existen pocas publicaciones sobre la eficacia en el pie zambo sindrómico. Estudio retrospectivo en seis pacientes (nueve pies) con pie zambo sindrómico tratados en un centro terciario siguiendo el método Ponseti. Tiempo de seguimiento mínimo de dos años (2-18). Los resultados fueron evaluados con la clasificación de Pirani, para valorar la severidad del pie zambo, previa y posteriormente al tratamiento. En los seis pacientes tratados, se emplearon una media de 6,5 yesos. La escala de Pirani obtuvo una valoración media de 5,2, previamente al tratamiento, con un descenso hasta 1,27 tras el tratamiento, con una mejoría media de 3,93 puntos. En más de la mitad de los casos fue necesario una tenotomía del tendón Aquileo para corregir la deformidad en equino. Se utilizó una ortesis tobillo-pie para reducir las recidivas si retraso psicomotor o dismetría severa. La deformidad residual más frecuente fue el aducto, que no requirió tratamiento quirúrgico. Un paciente recidivó en dos ocasiones. El método de Ponseti es útil en el tratamiento del pie zambo sindrómico, aunque precisa un número mayor de yesos correctores que en el pie zambo idiopático. La deformidad residual más frecuente en esta muestra fue el adductus. Talipes equinovarus or clubfoot is a congenital deformity of the foot with bone, muscle, and tendon involvement. It's one of the most frequent foot malformations in pediatric orthopedics. Although generally idiopathic, it may have a syndromic cause and be associated with musculoskeletal, neurological, or connective tissue conditions. The treatment of choice in idiopathic clubfoot is the Ponseti method based on manipulation and fixation with serial casts that seek progressive correction of the deformity. The Ponseti method effectiveness has been demonstrated in arthrogryposis and myelomeningocele clubfoot. There are few clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of this therapeutic option in patients with syndromic clubfoot. Retrospective study with 6 patients (9 feet) with syndromic clubfoot treated in a tertiary center with the Ponseti method with a minimum follow up of two years (2-18). The results were evaluated with the Pirani classification, assessing clubfoot severity before and after treatment. Of the six patients treated were used an average of 6.5 casts. The Pirani scale obtained a mean score of 5.2 before treatment, with a decrease to 1.27 after treatment, with a mean improvement of 3.93 points. In more than half of the cases it was necessary to lengthen the Achilles tendon to correct the equine deformity. In addition, an ankle-foot orthosis was used to reduce recurrences in patients with dysmetria or psychomotor retardation. The most frequently observed residual deformity was the adduct. A patient relapsed twice. The Ponseti method obtains effective results in the correction of syndromic clubfoot, although it requires a greater number of corrective casts than other pediatric foot pathologies.Cite
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Seperti pada dewasa, teknik regional anestesi pada pediatrik kini makin popular digunakan oleh ahli anestesikarena keuntungannya. Namun demikian selalu ada risiko dan kemungkinan timbulnya komplikasi dari setiap tindakan yang dilakukan, termasuk tindakan anestesi regional pada pediatrik. Insidensi komplikasi anestesi regional pada pediatrik tidak banyak, dan kalaupun terjadi komplikasi adalah minor. Komplikasi bisa diakibatkan dari identifikasi ruang saraf, alat, obat, teknis tindakan anestesi regionalnya dan komplikasi lainnya.Walaupun tidak banyak kejadian komplikasi regional anestesi yang dilaporkan pada pediatrik, dan bukanlah komplikasi yang fatal, teknik regional anestesi pada pediatrik harus dilakukan dengan lebih hatihati, pertimbangan risiko dan keuntungannya untuk menghindari terjadinya komplikasi, terlebih karena kebanyakan komplikasi dapat dihindari dengan mempelajari teknik yang benar, menggunakan peralatan yang sesuai, dan sangat menerapkan prinsip keamanan pada pasien dengan baik.
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Genentech is partnering with the German cancer company Affimed to develop immunotherapies for multiple kinds of solid and blood cancers. Affimed is developing therapies that engage natural killer cells of the innate immune system to help direct them to attack cancer cells. Genentech will pay Affimed $96 million up front and up to $5 billion more in potential payments.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
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