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Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn from the journal Current Cancer Therapy Reviews. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php. BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
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Female breast cancer recently surpassed lung cancer and became the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. As per the recent data from WHO, breast cancer accounts for one out of every 8 cancer cases diagnosed among an estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases. Breast cancer is the most prevailing cancer type among women causing the highest number of cancer-related mortality. It has been estimated that in 2020, 68,5000 women died due to this disease. Breast cancers have varying degrees of molecular heterogeneity; therefore, they are divided into various molecular clinical sub types. Recent reports suggest that type 2 diabetes (one of the common chronic diseases worldwide) is linked to the higher incidence, accelerated progression, and aggressiveness of different cancers; especially breast cancer. Breast cancer is hormone-dependent in nature and has a cross-talk with metabolism. A number of antidiabetic therapies are known to exert beneficial effects on various types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, only a few reports are available on the role of incretin-based antidiabetic therapies in cancer as a whole and in breast cancer in particular. The present review sheds light on the potential of incretin based therapies on breast cancer and explores the plausible underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we have also discussed the sub types of breast cancer as well as the intricate relationship between diabetes and breast cancer.
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Improved methods to assess an individual's risk of developing cancer, to detect cancers at early stages when they can be treated more effectively, to distinguish between invasive and non-invasive cancers, and to monitor recurrence and response to therapy are required to help doctor treat cancer more effectively. Traditional mammography and DNA Microarrays have been studied for early cancer detection and invasive cancer prediction. However, there is still challenging for detecting early cancer and cancer invasiveness simultaneously. In the paper, we presented a method to discover breast cancer dual-function biomarkers from LC/MS/MS plasma proteome which can discriminate not only cancer from normal breast but also invasive cancer from noninvasive cancer. The training set (Study A) and testing set (Study B) are each from plasma samples of 40 healthy women and 40 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Study A contains 30 invasive cancer samples and 10 non-invasive cancer samples, and Study B contains 23 invasive cancer samples, 8 non-invasive cancer samples, and 9 cancer samples with unknown type. First, we identified from Study A 21 differentially express biomarkers between normal and cancer. Then, we trained a Support Vector Machine with five-fold cross-validation for each combination of 5 out of the 21 biomarkers in the training set. Lastly, we found the optimal combination as best dual-function five biomarker panel. Further pathway analysis showed that the five biomarkers have strong connection with the complement and coagulation cascades pathway. This method can be extended to other cancers for dual-function marker identification. In the future, Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) is planned for validation of these potential dual-function biomarkers.
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Abstract Background A growing number of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer have survived a previous cancer. Although little is known about their prognosis, this population is frequently excluded from clinical trials. Additional evidence about the survival of this population is needed, so that trial sponsors and investigators can create evidence-based trial eligibility criteria. Among women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, we examined the impact of previous cancer on overall and cancer-specific survival. Methods This population-based cohort study included patients age ≥66 years and diagnosed with breast cancer between 2005-2015 in linked SEER-Medicare data. Separately by breast cancer stage, we estimated overall survival using Cox regression and cause-specific survival using competing risk regression for women with and without previous cancer, adjusting for numerous covariates and competing risk of death from previous cancer, other causes, or the incident breast cancer. Results Of 138,576 women diagnosed with incident breast cancer, 10,822 (8%) had a previous cancer of another organ site. Many of these (n=5,014, 46.3%) were diagnosed ≤5 years of breast cancer. For all breast cancer stages except IV in which there was no significant survival difference, women with vs. without previous cancer had worse overall survival. This survival disadvantage was driven by deaths due to the previous cancer and other causes. In contrast, women with previous cancer generally had favorable breast-cancer specific survival; however this varied somewhat by stage and over time. Conclusions Many women newly diagnosed with breast cancer are already cancer survivors. These women had generally worse overall survival, worse survival from other causes, but their disease-specific survival varied depending on their breast cancer stage and over time. Citation Format: Sandi L Pruitt, Hong Zhu, Daniel Heitjan, David E Gerber, Bhumika Maddineni, Danyi Xiong, Ethan Halm, Caitlin Murphy. Survival among female breast cancer patients who have survived a previous cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS11-31.
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The material forming the basis of this report was obtained from my records of cases at the Mayo Clinic and my service at Augustana Hospital, Chicago. Of the 712 cases studied, all had been operatively and pathologically proved to be gastric cancer. Doubtful cases were excluded.
Sex.
—The sex ratio was approximately that of gastric ulcer; namely, 483 males and 229 females, or 2.1 to 1.Age.
—While instances were recorded at as low as 20 years, the age of more than three-fourths of the patients ranged between the fifth and the eighth decades.Etiologic Factors.
—A family or blood-relationship history was proved in 9.4 per cent. of cases. A history of trauma was demonstrated in 3.1 per cent. of instances. In 2.2 per cent, the trauma appeared to precipitate symptoms. With respect todefinite symptomatology, it is well to admit here that 1.9 per cent. of cases gave absolutelyGeneral hospital
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Among 432 women with primary breast cancer, six (1.4%) were diagnosed as having gastrointestinal cancer more than six months after operation for the breast cancer. This paper presents these six cases. The patients ranged from 56 to 78 years of age at the time of breast cancer surgery, and the interval after surgery until diagnosis of the second cancer ranged from 7 months to 5 years 1 month. The second cancer was gastric cancer in 3, esophageal cancer in 2, and hepatic cancer in 1. All of the 6 patients had received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. The most frequent histological type of breast cancer was solid-tubular carcinoma (3 patients). Three patients died, due to the second cancer, 4 days, 2 months, and 6 months, respectively, after diagnosis of the second cancer, and the other patients are alive 2, 3, and 4 years after diagnosis. The Japanese literature regarding multiple cancer among breast cancer patients is reviewed. It is concluded that care should be taken to examine breast cancer patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, which are likely to be dismissed as a side effect of postoperative chemotherapy.
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