Study of Sexual-Linked Genes (OGI and MeGI) on the Performance of Androecious Persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.)
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It is reported that the production of floral sexual phenotype in hexaploid monoecious persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is closely related to a pseudogene called OGI, and a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE)-like insertion (named Kali) in the OGI promoter leads to the gene silence. As a result, DNA methylation level of MeGI promoter determines the development of male or female flowers. However, the molecular mechanism in androecious D. kaki, which only bear male flowers, remains elusive. Here, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), molecular cloning, and bisulfite PCR sequencing technique were carried out using 87 materials, including 56 androecious resources, 15 monoecious, and 16 gynoecious cultivars, to investigate the performance of OGI and MeGI on the specific androecious type of D. kaki in China. In conclusion, the Kali insertion was exactly located in the OGI promoter region, and the OGI gene and the Kali sequence were existing and conserved in androecious D. kaki. Meanwhile, we also demonstrated that the MeGI gene was widespread in our investigated samples. Ultimately, our result convincingly provided evidence that the low expression of OGI is probably ascribed to the presence of Kali displaying strong methylation in the OGI promoter, and low expression of MeGI, as well as high DNA methylation level, in the promoter was closely connected with the production of male flowers; this result was consistent with the monoecious persimmon model. Our findings provide predominant genetic aspects for investigation into androecious D. kaki, and future perfecting the sex-determining mechanisms in persimmon.Keywords:
Diospyros kaki
Plant reproductive morphology
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This study was to detect flavonoids in Diospyros kaki leaves by HPLC and discuss their accumulation therein, in order to find the appropriate time for harvesting Diospyros kaki leaves and determine leaf flavonoids content in different Diospyros kaki varieties in Hunan.The results are as follows: The HPLC analysis method is stable, reliable and of good repeatability; the appropriate time for harvesting Diospyros kaki leaves is in March and September and October in accordance with the leaf flavonoids content metabolism and accumulation;and there are some differences in leaf flavonoids content among 17 Diospyros kaki varieties in 7 prefectures of the province, the highest content in Ci Lang Persimmon and the lowest in Yao Dai Shi Crude persimmon.
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Kaki tannin was isolated from methanol extracts of unripe kaki fruit (Japanese persimmon) and it was found that a main constituent composing kaki tannin was a leucoanthocyanin. Its acetate and methyl ether were prepared and their properties and reactions were studied. From the results of these experiments, kaki tannin was presumed to be a (+) leucodelphinidin-3-glucoside (5, 7, 3', 4', 5'-pentahydroxyflavan-3, 4-diol-3-glucoside).
Diospyros kaki
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Coordinated transcriptional modulation of large gene sets depends on the combinatorial use of cis-regulatory motifs in promoters. We postulate that promoter content similarities are diagnostic for co-expressing genes that function coherently during specific cellular responses. To find the co-expressing genes we propose an ab initio method that identifies motif families in promoters of target gene groups, map these families to the promoters of all genes in the genome, and determine the best matches of each of the target group gene promoters with all other promoters. When the method was tested in rice starting from a group of co-expressing Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) genes, we obtained a promoter similarity-based network that contained candidate genes that could plausibly complement the function of LEA genes. Importantly, 73.36% of 244 genes predicted by our method were experimentally confirmed to co-express with the LEA genes in maturing rice embryos, making this methodology a promising tool for biological systems analyses.
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Diospyros kaki
Plant reproductive morphology
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Kaki tannin was isolated from methanol extracts of unripe kaki fruit (Japanese persimmon) and it was found that a main constituent composing kaki tannin was a leucoanthocyanin. Its acetate and methyl ether were prepared and their properties and reactions were studied. From the results of these experiments, kaki tannin was presumed to be a (+) leucodelphinidin-3-glucoside (5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavan-3,4-diol-3-g1ucoside).
Diospyros kaki
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8月中旬に採取した六倍体カキ（Diospyros kaki）‘藤原御所’の未熟果実より得られた種子中から胚を切り出し救助培養を行った．植え付けた103個の胚のうち102個がゼアチン5μMを添加したMS寒天培地で発芽した．得られた102個体の植物体の倍数性をフローサイトメトリーによって調査したところ，67個体が六倍体であり，残りの35個体が六倍体よりは大きな倍数性を示すことが明らかになった．これらの多くは九倍体あるいは12倍体であり，中には異数体も存在するものと推定された．得られたいくつかの植物体について，根端分裂細胞の染色体観察を行ったところ，フローサイトメトリーで倍数性変異がみられると推定された個体の染色体数は六倍体の90本より多いことが確認された．無核完全甘ガキ品種を育成するための育種母本としての‘藤原御所’の利用可能性について議論した．
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