Selective ppb-level ozone gas sensor based on hierarchical branch-like In2O3 nanostructure
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A series of ozone/UV treatment under injection of ozone with different ozone-gas bubble sizes was performed at pH 1.7 and 7.4. The increase in the bubble size and the decrease in pH enhanced the ozone utilization efficiency. The enhancement of ozone utilization efficiency was caused by the shift of the production pathway of hydroxyl radical (OH) from the OH production via O3 – to the UV photolysis of H2O2. The lower pH caused this shift through the chemical equilibrium of H2O2 and HO2 –, and the large bubbles caused this shift through the augmentation of H2O2 transport from the bubble surface to the bulk solution.
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The formation of bromate by ozone–vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) (185+254 nm) process in comparison with ozone and ozone-ultraviolet (UV) (254 nm) processes of coagulated and softened water was studied. The effects of pH (7, 9, and 11), ozone dosage (1, 2, and 4 mg O3/mg C), and VUV power (30, 60, and 120 W) were investigated. Bromate concentrations formed by the ozone-VUV process were up to four and six times less than those by the ozone and ozone-UV processes, respectively. Among the variables studied, ozone dosage had the most effect on bromate formation by the ozone-VUV process. Approximately 64 and 213% increases of bromate concentration were observed when the ozone dosage was increased from 1 to 2 and 4 mg O3/mg C with VUV power of 120 W at pH 7. The bromate formation also increased as VUV power and pH increased. Hydroxyl radical exposure had a positive relationship with ozone dosage and bromate formation. Results further indicated that it might be difficult to achieve the drinking water standard for bromate and high organic matter removal concurrently.
Bromate
Ultraviolet
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To reduce the heating of the Terfenol-D rod and evaluate its working efficiency, six kinds of Terfenol-D rods were designed, and the temperature field of the rods was simulated and calculated using the finite element method to obtain the temperature distribution. The results showed that the untreated rod had the highest temperature; the temperature was higher in the middle and lower at both ends; higher on the outer diameter surface; and lower on the inside. When compared to the untreated rod, the temperatures of sliced rods and slit rods decreased, and the temperature of sliced rods was lower than that of slit rods; the temperature of slit rods was higher in the middle and lower at both ends; the temperature distribution of sliced rods was more uniform relatively; the slice treatment rod had the lowest temperature and the best heat suppression effect. Three structural rods were chosen and manufactured from a total of six that were tested. It shows that the temperature of all rods was higher in the middle and lower at both ends after 30 min of operation. The actual temperature of untreated rod was 34 °C, the actual temperature of radially slit rod was 32 °C, and the actual temperature of sliced rod at both ends was 28 °C. The tested temperature distributions of three rods agreed with the calculated ones.
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Slit
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We have developed a novel ozone generator which can produce high concentration ozone up to 300 g/Nm3 (20 wt%). The ozone production efficiency is significantly improved in comparison with a conventional ozone generator : the energy consumption is 10 kWh/ kgO3 at an ozone concentration of 240 g/Nm (16 wt%) In addition, the novel ozone generator is much smaller in size. The development of the novel ozone generator is expected to extend ozone applications for various purposes, such as pulp bleaching.
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Both the direct ozone reaction and the indirect hydroxyl radical reaction are important in ozonation of drinking water. This article investigates the effectiveness of ozone versus the advanced oxidation process of ozone coupled with hydrogen peroxide in the formation of bromate. The investigation was conducted on a pilot scale at various H2O2:O3 dose ratios of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.35 at different times of the year. The results of this study show a reduction in bromate with the addition of hydrogen peroxide to an ozone system versus ozone alone. It was also observed that bromate increased with increased H2O2:O3 ratios; however, concentrations were still lower than those in the ozone only system.
Bromate
Hydroxyl radical
Advanced oxidation process
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We have developed a novel ozone generator which can produce high concentration ozone up to 300 g/Nm3 (20 wt%). The ozone production efficiency is significantly improved in comparison with a conventional ozone generator ; the energy consumption is 10 kWh/kgO3 at a ozone concetration of 240 g/Nm3 (16 wt%) In addition, the novel ozone generator is much smaller in size. The development of the novel ozone generator is expected to extend ozone applications for various purposes, such as pulp bleaching.
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The development of the studies and its wide applying perspective on ozone water solution are described, and some methods for producing high concentration ozone gas, dissolving efficiently ozone gas into water, and achieving ozone water solution are introduced in this paper. With these methods, the concentration of ozone water and the efficiency of ozone solution may reach more than 8 g/m 3 and 98% respectively.
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Recently, intensive attentions have been paid on low dimensional FePt nanomaterials because of their chemical stability and potential applications in high-density data storage and high-performance permanent magnets. These applications strongly relate to morphology and size of the FePt nanomaterials. The FePt nanomaterials with varied shapes, including sphere-like nanoparticles, cube-like nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanowires, have been successfully synthesized by using different methods. In these materials, one dimensional (1D) FePt nanomaterials have been becoming a fascinating field, since the nanomaterials have obvious shape anisotropy that results into unique magnetic performances. However, controllable synthesis for 1D FePt nanomaterials still is an insurmountable problem. An improved understanding of growth mechanism is significant for controllable synthesis of 1D FePt nanomaterials. In this work, controlled FePt nanowires have been synthesized. The growth process of the nanowires has been investigated. It's expected to understand the growth mechanism of 1D FePt nanomaterials.
Nanomaterials
Nanorod
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