Some body measurements and their correlations with live weight in the rock partridge (Alectoris graeca)
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The study was carried out to determine some body measurements of male and female rock partridges of varying age (hatching-14 weeks), and to demonstrate the correlations between these measurements and live weight. Body measurements increased with advancing age. The differences between live weights were significant at 6 and 14th weeks (P<0.05 to 0.01). Shank length and shank width (at the os tarsometatarsus) were found to be greater in males between the 8 and 14th weeks of age (P<0.01). Differences between the two sexes in length of head were significant at 4 and 14th weeks (P<0.05 to 0.01). As of the second week, a high significant correlation (0.366 to 0.751) was determined among all body measurements and live weight (P<0.001). The most decisive body measurements used in the determination of live weight were shank width, head length and shank length. The lowest prediction (R2 = 12.5%) was determined during the hatching period. However, the highest prediction (R2 = 81.4%) was determined in the 4th week, and generally prediction increased with advancing age (P<0.001). Some body measurements of male and female rock partridges of varying age and the correlation of these measurements with live weight were determined in the study. This study concludes that some body measurements, which can be easily obtained, can be used in the prediction of live weight and as criteria in selection for live weight.
Key words: Partridge, body measurements, live weight, correlation, regressionThe initial live weight of the body is considered a very important factor influencing the growth traits and the final body weight. The differences are expressive especially in species of large litters and short period of fattening. The large litters are the precondition of different live weights of the youngs. Especially the large litters with more than ten alive youngs produces youngs of different live weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of live weight at born on growth traits of synthetic broiler rabbit line. The 3rd generation of giant sire line with the basis of Belgian Giant White rabbit and local standard broiler population (M91) was tested in this experiment. Animals born in 18 litters were individually marked and weighted at birth day, 35 th day, 84 th day and at the age of 105 days. All animals were consequently divided in eight groups according to the live weight at born. The average growth rate of each groups was evaluated. The lowest average live weight at weaning (35th day) was 846.25 g in group 1 and the highest live weight was 1093.18 in group 8 with significant differences between groups (P-value = 0,0000 at the 95,0 % confidence level). Similar results were determined also at the age of 84 days, when the lowest weight was obtained in group 2 and the highest weight in group 8 with average weight 2442,50 g; 3173,64 g resp. Significant differences with P-value = 0,0000 at the 95,0 % confidence level. The 105th day is considered as the age of sexual maturity. The lowest body weight reached group 3 and the highest live body weight was in group 8 with average value 2913.50 g and 3701.82 g resp. The significant differences were determined as well with P-value = 0.0000 at the 95.0 % confidence level.
Sire
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Data were collected on 214 Kajli lambs (109 females and 105 males) of different age groups maintained at Livestock Experiment Station Khizrabad (Sargodha) Pakistan. The animals were divided into three age groups as 0-3, 4-6 and 7-9 months. Within each group, the data on male and female lambs were collected separately. To predict the weight of Kajli sheep three body measurements (wither height, body length and heart girth) were recorded on each animal. Body measurements varied with increasing age of animals. In male lambs, the highest correlation (r 2 ) was observed between body weight and heart girth at 0-3 (r 2 =0.86) and 4-6 (r 2 =0.91) months of age, while in females the highest relationships 0.79 and 0.80 were observed between body weight & heart girth at 0-3 months and body weight & body length at 4-6 months of age, respectively. These correlations between body weight and body measurements were positive and significant (P<0.05). The regression analysis indicated that live weight and body measurements (wither height, body length and heart girth) had linear relationship (P -value = 0.0001, 0.0001 and 0.0001) at 0-3 month of age. During present investigation, males were found heavier (P<0.05) and longer (P<0.05) than females in the first two age groups. Similarly, in the first age group, the height at withers was higher (P<0.05) in males than in females. In male Kajli lambs, The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for weight estimation were for body length and height at wither (74.2%) at 4-6 month, while in female the higher value of R 2 was observed between height at wither and heart girth (89.0%) at 4 -6 month of age. It was concluded that body weight of Kajli lambs can be estimated in field using morphometric measurements taken with a tape in the absence of weighing scales.
Withers
Girth (graph theory)
Age groups
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Introduction. At the present stage of livestock development in Ukraine, rabbit breeding as a sub-sector of livestock that meets the needs of society in dietary meat, fur and furs develops rather unstable, which is associated with numerous problems, the unsatisfactory level of breeding. Rabbit breeding features such as live weight, growth rate, meat yield, etc. are required to be improved. This will increase the production of valuable meat products rabbit meat. The main indicator of meat productivity of rabbits is their live weight. It is this sign of breeding that is the main factor in obtaining more meat. The increase in live weight is associated with the biological ability of rabbits to intensive growth, which is characterized by daily increments. It is proved that in rabbits of specialized breeds of meat – New Zealand and California – the highest average daily gain is observed in the age from 20 to 135 days and makes up 35 g, while in rabbits of meat-and-fur breeds in the period from 45 to 150 days is 30 g. The studies confirm the existence of a connection between body measurements and live weight of rabbits, in particular between the chest and livestock weight between 0.45 and 0.56 and between the width of the lumbar and the live weight of 0.44–0.55, as well as a reliable positive the correlation between the width of the lower back and the slaughtered level at the level of 0,35–0,83, which makes it possible to increase the meat productivity due to the selection of rabbits with a wider width. According to the recommendations for working with the "HYLA" cross, the rabbit of the final hybrid in certain age periods should have the following values of live weight: when weaning at 35 days – 950–1050 g; at the age of 42 days – 1150–1400 g; at the age of 56 days – 1800–2300 g; at the age of 70 days (when slaughtered) – 2350–2650 g. The average daily gains of rabbit from weaning to slaughter, according to recommendations, should be from 43.5 to 47.5 g. The relevance of the work is in the studying of weight and linear growth of rabbits will reveal the most valuable genotypes of rabbits that are capable for intensive growth and production of enough valuable rabbit meat and allow to efficiently control the process of rabbit production. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to study the intensity of the weight and linear growth of the rabbits of the final hybrid of the "HYLA" cross, depending on the live weight of their father. Materials and methods of research. Studies of the weight and linear growth dynamics of the rabbits of the final hybrid of the "HYLA" cross were conducted in the conditions of LLC "Krolikoff" of Cherkasy oblast. For the experiment, there were formed 5 groups of rabbits, which were obtained from various male-female parents of the parental form of HYLA MAX and females of the HYLA NG cross type "HYLA". Dynamics of weight and linear growth of rabbits was studied after they were weaned from the mother. The following indices were determined: live weight, straight length of the body, chest circumference, shoulder width, lumbar width. To determine the type of body structure of animals, the mortality index was calculated, which is equal to the percentage of the chest circumference of the shoulders to the straight length of the trunk. Volume of ejaculate of males was determined according to zootechnical records. The live weight, the body size of the rabbits and the index of infirmity were determined in the corresponding age periods – 35, 56 and 70 days. The dynamics of animal growth was determined by absolute and average daily increments of live weight and body measurements. Biometric processing of the obtained results was carried out using the PC in the MS Excel spreadsheet using the accepted techniques. Main results of research. At the age of 70 days, the highest value of live weight was found in the V-grope rabbits, which outweighed the young rabbits of the II group in 163.95 g (p < 0.001). Rabbits of I, III and IV groups have 0.45, 6.55, and 30.94 less live weight, compared to the young group V. In the chest circumference of the rabbit's shoulders of group I, the youngest of the group V was 0.81 cm dominant (p < 0.01). The width of the waist in the rabbits of this age was in the range from 5.14 (group IV) to 5.24 (V group). Obvious difference between these groups on this basis was not detected. In the period from weaning rabbits to slaughter, the young rabbits of V group were characterized by the highest absolute increments of live weight and width of the waist – 1590.01 g and 1.70 cm respectively. However, with an absolute increase in the direct length of the trunk, the rabbit of the group I were ahead from those in group II by 0.94 cm (p < 0.001), while the young II group was 1.71 cm higher than the IV group (p < 0.001). It should be noted that for these characteristics, low and average coefficients of variation are observed during this period. By studying the average daily increments in live weight and rabbit weights from weaning to slaughter, it was found that the rabbits of the V group were characterized by the largest increase in live weight gain and dominated by analogues from the second group to 2.86 g (p < 0.001). During this period, the direct length of the trout body of the I group was increased most intensively – the average daily gain of the sample was 0.34 cm, which is 0.03 cm more than the young of the second group (p < 0.01). For the period from 35 to 70 days of age, the coefficients of variation of average daily increments in live weight and body weight of the rabbits were low and average, indicating the consolidation of the studied characteristics in the crossbars of the final hybrid of the "HYLA" cross. Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies provide the opportunity to state that the rabbits, which are characterized by high growth intensity from weaning to slaughter, were obtained from the most-live-weight mass (26301 – 7.12 kg) (AP = 1590.01 g, SDP = 45,43 g), whereas the offspring of a male with a close to average live weight (No. 26351 – 6.90 kg) has the lowest rates of growth (AP = 1489.88 g, SDP = 42.57 g). In general, the weight and linear growth of the rabbits of the final hybrid is at a high level and complies with the recommendations for working with the "HYLA" cross.
Hyla
Rabbit (cipher)
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The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between live weight and body measurements in Zağar, Zerdava, and Çatalburun dogs. Animal materials were obtained from various regions of Turkey. A total of 304 dogs from three breeds were used: Zağar (45 females, 59 males), Zerdava (50 females, 50 males), and Çatalburun (62 females, 38 males). Live weights and certain body measurements were determined. A linear regression model was created using the parameters obtained in this study. The bodyweights calculated with the body measurements were found to be at a high or acceptable level in the Zağar, Zerdava, and Çatalburun genotypes (R2 = 0.902, 0.467, and 0.697, respectively).
Linear correlation
Linear relationship
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Zoometrical body measurements and their relationship with body weight of matured Muscovy ducks were determined. The effect of sex and plumage was significant (P < 0.05) for all body measurements. Drakes showed significantly higher body weight (2.71kg) than ducks (1.46kg) while black colored ducks had significantly higher weights than the other color types. High, positive and highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations were observed between body weights and all body measurements. Though chest girth (r = 0.85) and body length (r = 0.87) had the highest correlation with body weight, the most reliable prediction from regression analysis was between body weight and body length + chest girth + chest width (R 2 = 0.856, SE = 0.290). These parameters may be used to evaluate the body weight of ducks, in addition to being used as selection criteria.
Plumage
Body height
Girth (graph theory)
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A total of 168 two-weeks-old Japanese quail chicks of mixed sex were used to study the relationship between Body weight and linear measurements in Japanese quail. Data were collected on body weight, body length, body girth, wing length, shank length and drumstick length fortnightly for eight weeks to predict body weight. Data were subjected to SAS for analysis. The mean body weights were 38.31, 81.12, 121.38 and 132.15g, respectively. Body weight gain increased as the birds advance in age and the highest body weight gain was between week 2 and week 4. Female birds were significantly (P< 0.05) heavier than male. Body weight had a positive correlation with all linear body measurements at week 2 except for drumstick length. The best correlation was obtained between body weight and body girth at the 2nd week of age (0.82) (P< 0.05). The estimates of coefficient of determination which ranged from 0.0043 to 0.68 and predictive equations show that body weight in Japanese quail is linearly related to body measurements especially with body girth and body length. The study showed that Body girth and Body length could be used as criteria for assessment and early selection of Japanese quail for body weight.
Girth (graph theory)
Lower body
Linear relationship
Body height
Linear correlation
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ENGLISH/ ABSTRACT (ENGLISH/ ABSTRACT (ENGLISH/ ABSTRACT (ENGLISH/ ANGLAIS matured rubber plantation in terms of body length (BDL), head to pubic bone length (HPL), heart girth (HG), leg length (LL), thigh length (THL), shoulder width (SW) and tail length (TAL) were taken with the respective body live weights (BLW) and correlated with one another. The body measurements were also evaluated as predictor of body weight. All the parameters studied or measured were strongly and positively correlated with one another and highly significant (p < 0.01). The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) ranged from 0.51 between SW and TAL to r = 0.93 between LL and HPL. The regression equations of body measurements with BLW were highly significant (p < 0.01) and positive with higher coefficients of determination (61.1 - 84.8%). The heart girth had the highest body weight prediction value (84.8%) closely followed by HPL (81.4%) and BDL (74.8%). The regression of BLW on seven body measurements of rabbits was highly significant (p < 0.01) and showed a better prediction (R 2 = 95.2 %) than with each of the body measurements alone. The body live weight of rabbit could be predicted in fields and markets from morphometric measurements taken with tape rule to maximize their profit through proper pricing.
Girth (graph theory)
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Weight and body dimensions (body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), thigh length (TL), shank length (SL) and neck length (NL) were studied using 215 fifteen weeks male and female Nigerian indigenous Muscovy ducks by path analysis. The result showed that the correlation coefficient between live weight and body dimensions on the other hand were 0.89, .94, .87, .88 and .75 (male) and .29, .59, .41, .37, - .10 (female) for BL, CC, TL, SL and NL respectively. The direct effect of chest circumference was higher in both male and female (0.616, .571) with the neck length having the least and negative direct effects on weight for both sexes. Indirect effect of body length through chest circumference was also the highest .chest circumference is the most influential variable and can be included in the model in estimating live weight of both male and female Muscovy duck at 15 weeks of age.
Circumference
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Synopsis Body, liver, heart and spleen weights were measured in 3 different breeds and 2 breed crosses over an age range of 0–8 weeks. Correlation coefficients, linear regression equations, standard deviations of observations around regression lines, and the standard errors of the slopes were calculated to study the effects of age, breed, and body weight on organ weight. The principal findings were: Regardless of breed, organ weight does not change at the same rate as body weight during the first 8 weeks of life. The ratio of liver or heart weight to body weight reaches a peak at about one to two weeks of age and then decreases gradually with age until 8 weeks. Spleen‐body weight ratio, however, increases to about the 3rd week of age after which it remains relatively constant. Significant negative correlations were obtained between body weight and both liver‐ and heart‐body weight ratios; while significant positive correlations were obtained between body weight and spleen‐body weight ratios. The correlation between liver weight and heart weight was found to be higher than that between liver weight and spleen weight or between heart weight and spleen weight. The ratio of organ weight to body weight differed with different breeds. The faster growing breeds had lower ratios of organ weight to body weight and higher correlation coefficients between body weight and organ weight ratios. Regression equations are presented that enable the estimation of organ weights from body weights or from other organ weights in the three different breeds and two breed crosses studied.
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A study was conducted to determine the phenotypic relationship between linear body measurements, Heart girth (HG), Body depth (BD), Rump height (RH), Height at wither (HAW), Body length (BL) and body weight (BWT); and to predict body weight from linear body measurements using two hundred and ninety four West African Dwarf (WAD) goats (250 females and 44 males) in four age groups varied between 6-12 months (0PPI-wihout pair of permanent incisors), 1-1.5 year (1PPI), 1.5-2 year (2PPI), and 2.5 – 3 years (3PPI). The data obtained from this study were analyzed using linear and multiple regressions. Results showed that the mean live body weight of female WAD goats in the four age category were 9.563 ± 4.844, 12.628 ± 4.958, 21.077 ± 6.558 and 23.885± 3.652 kg, respectively while males of age group (0PPI) and (PP1) recorded 6.963±1.43 and 12.235 ± 4.815kg respectfully. There were significant correlation (P<0.001) between body weight and measured linear measurements, HG (r = 0.681), BD (r = 0.669), RH (r = 0.607), HAW(r = 0.571), BL (r = 0.634), in the pooled group irrespective of sex or age. Simple linear regression analysis showed that body weights could be predicted accurately from heart girth at different ages studied; multiple regression showed high accuracy when more variables were included in the prediction equations (R 2 = 0.803, 0.694 and 0.710 for male, female and male/female groups respectively in the pooled age group). This indicated that there was high correlation between linear body measurements and live body weight which could be used as selection criteria in improving meat production in WAD goat. The highest R 2 was obtained when all the body measurements were included in the regression equations; this suggests that live body weight could be estimated more accurately by combination of two or more linear measurements. Key words : WAD goat, body weight, linear body measurements, relationship
Rump
Girth (graph theory)
Body height
Linear correlation
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