Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a multicentre study
Molly BondNatalie MollAlicia RosellóRod BondJaana SchnellBianka BurgerPieter J. HoekstraAndrea DietrichAnette SchragEva KočovskáDavide MartinoNorbert MuellerMarkus SchwarzUte‐Christiane MeierJulie E. BruunJudy GrejsenChristine L. OmmundsenMette RubækStephanie EnghardtStefanie BokemeyerChristiane Driedger-GarbeCornelia ReichertJenny SchmalfeldThomas DuffieldFranciska GergyeMargit KovácsRéka VidomuszMiri CarmelSilvana FennigElla GevNathan KellerElena MichaelovskyMatan NahonChen RegevTomer SimchaGill SmollanAbraham WeizmanG. GagliardiMarco TallonP. RoazziEls van den BanSebastian F. T. M. de BruijnNicole N. DriessenAndreas LamerzMarieke MesschendorpJudith J. G. RathNadine Schalk Deborah SivalNoor TrompFrank VisscherStichting Gilles de la TourettesMaria Teresa CáceresFátima CarrilloPilar Gómez‐GarreL. VargasMaria GariupSara StöberAlan ApterValentina BaglioniJuliane BallNoa Benaroya-MilshteinBenjamin BodmerMolly BondEmese BognárBianka BurgerJudith BuseFrancesco CardonaMarta Correa VelaAndrea DietrichNanette Mol DebesMaría Cristina FerroCarolin FremerBlanca García-DelgarMariangela GulisanoAnnelieke HagenJulie HagstrømT.J. HedderlyIsobel HeymanPieter J. HoekstraChaim HuyserMarcos Madruga-GarridoA MarottaDavide MartinoUte‐Christiane MeierPablo MirNatalie MollÀstrid MorerNorbert MuellerKirsten Müller‐VahlAlexander MünchauPéter NagyValeria NeriThaïra J. C. OpenneerAlessandra PellicoÁngela Periañez VascoKerstin Jessica PlessenCesare PorcelliMarina RedondoRenata RizzoVeit RoessnerDaphna RuhrmanJaana SchnellAnette SchragMarkus SchwarzPaola Rosaria SilvestriLiselotte SkovTamar SteinbergFriederike Tagwerker GloorZsanett TárnokJennifer TübingVictoria TurnerSusanne WalitzaElif WeidingerMartin L. Woods
15
Citation
48
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Abstract This study investigated whether vitamin D is associated with the presence or severity of chronic tic disorders and their psychiatric comorbidities. This cross-sectional study compared serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (ng/ml) levels among three groups: children and adolescents (3–16 years) with CTD ( n = 327); first-degree relatives (3–10 years) of individuals with CTD who were assessed for a period of up to 7 years for possible onset of tics and developed tics within this period ( n = 31); and first-degree relatives who did not develop tics and were ≥ 10 years old at their last assessment ( n = 93). The relationship between 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of tics, as well as comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), were analysed controlling for age, sex, season, centre, latitude, family relatedness, and comorbidities. When comparing the CTD cohort to the unaffected cohort, the observed result was contrary to the one expected: a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with higher odds of having CTD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.27–3.42, p < 0.01). There was no association between 25(OH)D and tic severity. However, a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of having comorbid ADHD within the CTD cohort (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.84, p = 0.01) and was inversely associated with ADHD symptom severity ( β = − 2.52, 95% CI − 4.16–0.88, p < 0.01). In conclusion, lower vitamin D levels were not associated with a higher presence or severity of tics but were associated with the presence and severity of comorbid ADHD in children and adolescents with CTD.Tics and Tourette's syndrome are common hyperkinetic movement disorders seen mostly in the pediatric age group. Tics are defined as sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalization, generally preceded by urge. Tourette's syndrome is defined as the presence of both motor and phonic tics for more than 1 year in patients with onset less than 18 years old. Most of these hyperkinetic movement disorders improve in adulthood. This review emphasizes the clinical pearls in the diagnosis and distinguishing it from other movement disorders. The treatment ranges from behavioral therapies, medical management, and also surgical treatment such as deep brain stimulation that is limited to refractory patients.
Movement Disorders
Refractory (planetary science)
Cite
Citations (17)
Tic disorder
Cite
Citations (32)
We describe two patients with Tourette syndrome who also had pseudo-tics. The psychogenic movements resolved in both children when the stressful issues in their lives were addressed. It is important to differentiate psychogenic symptoms from tics and compulsions in children with Tourette syndrome in order to avoid unnecessary medication and allow appropriate therapy. (J Child Neurol 1994;9:50-51).
Cite
Citations (48)
Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) administered individually is an effective treatment for tics. However, the effectiveness of CBIT administered in groups for adults with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders has not been investigated yet. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of group‐based CBIT with respect to reduction of tic severity and tic‐related impairment, as well as improvement of tic‐related quality of life. Data from 26 patients were included in the intention‐to‐treat analyses. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale was used to assess total tic severity and tic‐related impairment. The Gilles de la Tourette – Quality of Life Scale was used to assess tic‐related quality of life. These measures were administered at three points in time: at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1‐year follow‐up. The results showed a significant reduction of total tic severity from pretreatment to 1‐year follow‐up, with larges effect sizes. Tic‐related impairment and tic‐related quality of life also improved significantly, although the effect sizes were smaller. Motor tics showed a stronger reduction than vocal tics. Additional analysis revealed that all change was achieved during treatment and that this effect was maintained from posttreatment to 1‐year follow‐up. The results of this study indicate that group‐based CBIT is a promising treatment for tics.
Tic disorder
Cite
Citations (4)
Movement Disorders
Cite
Citations (2)
Sniffing
Cite
Citations (2)
people with FTLBs are well-supported with the use of certain techniques, they can manage 66 well at school.There is strong evidence demonstrating that individuals with tic disorders experience a lower 68 quality of life, with tics shown to have a pervasive impact on all aspects of daily living (4). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders can often co-occur, with individuals fre-84 quently presenting with distinct symptoms of CTD and/or OCD (5). However, there are also a 85 subset of individuals with a condition which has been referred to as Tourettic OCD (TOCD),where patients show a specific overlap in tics, compulsions, and their preceding premonitory
Tic disorder
Cite
Citations (1)
Tourette's syndrome
Cite
Citations (108)
Five patients with palatal tics and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome have been previously reported. Little is known about the characteristics of palatal tics given that there are so few reports. On one hand, palatal tics may be rare. Alternatively, they may be less well recognized than repetitive eye blinking or sniffing, which are both obvious and, therefore, more often reported. We describe 3 patients with palatal tics and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. We also review the 5 patients reported in the literature and explore whether there are characteristic features among this group of 8 cases. The 8 patients had the following features: (1) Personal history of other multiple motor/vocal tics, (2) the presence of typical Gilles de la Tourette syndrome comorbidities, (3) positive family history of tics and/or Gilles de la Tourette syndrome comorbidities, (4) the presence of audible “ear clicks,” (5) younger age at onset (2 years). We suggest that palatal tics are underreported.
Tourette's syndrome
Cite
Citations (4)
Tourette's syndrome
Cite
Citations (0)