Functional Meat Products as Oxidative Stress Modulators: A Review
Adrián Macho‐GonzálezSara BastidaAlba GarcimartínMaría Elvira López‐OlivaPilar GonzálezJuana Benedı́María José González‐MuñozFrancisco J. Sánchez‐Muniz
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Malondialdehyde
Objective: To evaluate the oxidative stress status and its clinical significance in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods: Total antioxidant response and malondialdehyde level were measured and oxidative stress index was calculated in 42 patients with chronic hepatitis B,30 inactive carriers and 22 healthy controls.Results: Malondialdehyde(MDA) and oxidative stress index(OSI) were significantly higher in chronic hepatitis B patients than in inactive HbsAg carriers and controls(P0.05,P0.05,P0.01,P0.01).Total antioxidant response was comparable in chronic hepatitis B subjects,inactive HbsAg carriers and controls(both P0.05).MDA and oxidative stress index were also comparable in inactive HBsAg carriers and controls(both P0.05).Serum alanine aminotransferase level was positively correlated with malondialdehyde concentration and oxidative stress index only in chronic hepatitis B subjects(r=0.61 and r=0.45,respectively),and there was no significant relationship between HBV-DNA and oxidative stress.Conclusion: There are disturbances of oxidative stress and antioxidativestress in the chronic hepatitis B.The detection of oxidative stress is essential to clinic.
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The aim of this study was to establish and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of malondialdehyde in seminal plasma in smokers and non-smokers and to find possible differences between the two groups.Malondialdehyde is used as a diagnostic marker of lipid peroxidation and indicator of oxidative stress. Smoking is suspected to be responsible for an increase in its level. Malondialdehyde has been thought to have cytotoxic and damaging effects.Semen samples were obtained from male partners of couples requesting a fertility evaluation. Malondialdehyde was derivatized with 2-thiobarbituric acid. The malondialdehyde-2-thiobarbituric acid complex was determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The mobile phase consisted of 20% ethanol in 25-mmol/L potassium dihydrogenphosphate (v/v), pH 6.00 ± 0.05.Analytical performance was satisfactory. Malondialdehyde levels were as follows: 1.50 ± 0.55 µmol/L in all patients, 1.40 ± 0.57 µmol/L in smokers, and 1.50 ± 0.53 µmol/L in non-smokers.The method presented here is sensitive and accurate for seminal plasma malondialdehyde determination. Our results showed a relationship between sperm motility and the malondialdehyde level in all patients and non-smokers. Malondialdehyde may induce poor sperm functionality and negatively affect the fertilization processes (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 23).
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Phenolic compounds are natural antioxidants present in plant foods, which are important to human health. This study aimed to measure the total antioxidant potential with the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method and the total polyphenol content of 44 common consumed foods; represented by vegetables, pulses, fruits, cereals and breads. The antioxidant potential ranged: in vegetables 0.033–3.209, in pulses 0.342–0.387, in fruits 0.312–2.833, and in cereals and breads 0.062–1.709 mmol/100 g in fresh mass, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the foods tested was related to the total polyphenol contents.
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Thirty-nine hens, 3 weeks of age, were divided into 6 groups with different treatment as follows ; group A with corn oil injection, group B with corn oil injection and cholesterol feeding, group C with injection of a malondialdehyde solution, group D with injection of malondialdehyde solution and administration of elaszym, group E with injection of malondialdehyde solution and cholesterol feeding and group F with injection of malondialdehyde solution, cholesterol feeding and administration of elaszym. Corn oil and 50% malondialdehyde in corn oil were subcutaneously injected at respective doses of 0.5 and 1ml per kg body weight 12 times for 4 weeks. A diet containing 1% cholesterol without supplementary fat was fed adlibitum. Elaszym was orally administered daily at a dose of 1,500 EU per Kg body weight. A slight increase of plasma cholesterol was seen in group B. A small number of degenerate cells were seen in groups A and B. The plasma malondialdehyde levels were markedly increased in groups C and E. The result of malondialdehyde injection was a significant increase in the number of degenerate cells without stainable lipid in the abdominal aorta from group C. The feeding of a cholesterol-containing diet in combination with molon-dialdehyde injection produced numerous degenerate cells with or without stainable lipid in the abdominal aorta from group E. The administration of elaszym decreased the tissue level of malondialdehyde and the frequency of degenerate cells with or without stainable lipid in the abdominal aortas from groups D and F.
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Vampirolepis nana is the only human tapeworm in which the intermediate host is not necessary and transmission is from person to person. In this study the changes of serum malondialdehyde level, that is, the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients infected with V. nana, was investigated.Serum malondialdehyde concentration activity was measured in 32 patients who were positive for intestinal parasite of V. nana. Levels were obtained for the positively infected patients and their age and gender were matched to 32 healthy controls.The difference between malondialdehyde levels of patients infected with V. nana and the control group was statistically significant both for females (P < 0.05) and males (P < 0.05). In the patient and control groups, no correlation was found between age and malondialdehyde levels both in females and males. In addition, no significant correlation could be found between malondialdehyde levels of both females and males for the patient and control groups.Malondialdehyde levels were clearly increased in the patients infected with V. nana.
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This study looked at reducing oxidative stress and free radicals using oral antioxidants. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is widely used as a biomarker for assessing oxidative stress in biomedical fields and in many health problems such as cancer, psychiatry, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or cardiovascular diseases. Lipid peroxidation is a chain phenomenon resulting in the formation of various active compounds that result in cellular damage and another mechanism involved in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress status was determined using the urinary malondialdehyde test. Preliminary conclusion suggests that oxidative stress in the body can be reduced with appropriate oral anti-oxidants. However future research has to determine to what extent the digestive system and the stress hormonal systems can impact the oxidative status.
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Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension and studies have shown that hypertension is associated with an increase in oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to hypertension and antioxidants may be beneficial for its prevention. The main cause of oxidative stress in hypertension is endothelial dysfunction due to the malfunctions in the vasodilator systems, specifically the molecular mechanism of ROS and nitric oxide (NO). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, is found to be higher in hypertension patients. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which has a strong relationship with blood pressure, is determined through the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The aim of the review article is to elucidate the role of MDA and FRAP in hypertension.Keywords: oxidative stress, hypertension, blood pressure, oxidative damage, malondialdehyde, FRAP
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Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in cooked pulses and to study the effect of cooking on their total phenolic content ( TPC ) and antioxidant capacity. Cooked faba beans showed the highest TPC , followed by soybeans and lentils or peas. TPC ranged from 10.4 ± 0.2 to 52.9 ± 0.3 mg/100 g and was positively correlated with antioxidant activity. Cooking resulted in increased TPC and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts, caused by cell disruption and improved extraction of polyphenols. Although polyphenols were lost in the cooking water, boiled legumes had more polyphenols than those resulting cooking broths. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion resulted in increased TPC and antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Soybeans showed the highest amount of bioaccessible polyphenols. The release of phenolics from cooked legumes was mainly achieved during the intestinal phase. Literature data may underestimate the TPC and antioxidant capacity of pulses.
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Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a normal process. Under physiological conditions, these deleterious species are mostly removed by the cellular antioxidant systems, which include antioxidant vitamins, protein and non-protein thiols, and antioxidant enzymes. An acute bout of exercise at sufficient intensity has been shown to stimulate activities of antioxidant enzymes. This could be considered as a defensive mechanism of the cell under oxidative stress. However, we still have insufficient knowledge about the interaction between exercise and antioxidants, which are important in assessing the adequacy of protection against oxidative damage and about the necessity of dietary manipulation and/or supplementation. This review concerns effects of acute exercise on various oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defense system.
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