Evaluating the Friendliness of Pedestrian Footbridges Using Visibility Analysis: A Case Study in Wuhan
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Walkability
Visibility
Viewshed analysis
This paper presents an efficient method for implementing visibility analysis on complex landscapes based on an improved LOS (line of sight) algorithm. The method not only determines the viewshed through capturing the geometric relationship between the target points and viewpoint. It also judges the visibility of the target points by the elevations. The visibility of a part of the target points are determined through comparing the pointspsila elevations with the viewpointpsilas height, thus enhance the efficiency of visibility analysis on the terrain. Eventually visualize the results related to the given viewpoint on three-dimensional terrain surfaces. This method can not only be applied in the visibility analysis of the forest scenes, can also be used in the analysis of the urban environment. Experiments show that our method is superior to the traditional related methods.
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The terrain visibility,which is also called as the terrain inter-visibility,mainly in-cludes the inter-visibility analysis between two points,viewshed analysis and so on.It plays an extremely vital role in the national economy,the national defense development as well as other scientific research domains.The appearance of DEM and the automated visibility analysis and mapping method based on DEM,pioneered the brand-new stage in terrain visibility analysis.But the present research mostly put more attention on the computational method and efficiency,less in analysis model and some correlative research.According to the summarization about three essential factors of visibility analysis based on the commonness of all kinds of visibility problems,this paper establishes the uniform analysis model of DEM terrain visibility and the methods of patterning visibility analysis and exploits the prototype system of modellized visibil-ity analysis.Finally,this paper carries out an empirical research on the uniform analysis model.
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This paper presents an efficient method for implementing visibility analysis on complex landscapes based on an improved LOS (line of sight) algorithm. The method determines the viewshed by analyzing the geometric relationship between the target points and viewpoint. It differentiates the visibility of the target points by the elevation information. Eventually the visual results related to the given viewpoint are rendered on three-dimensional landscapes. The visibility of some target points is computed by comparing their elevations with the viewpoint’s height, thus is able to enhance the efficiency of the visibility analysis. This method can not only be applied in the visibility analysis of forest scenes, but also used in the analysis of the urban environment. Experiments show that the proposed method results in high efficiency and precision.
Visibility
Viewshed analysis
Line (geometry)
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Elevation (ballistics)
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Supportive built environments for walking are linked to higher rates of walking and physical activity, but little is known about this relationship for socioeconomically disadvantaged (e.g., low-income and racial/ethnic minority) populations. We review 17 articles and find that most show that the built environment has weaker effects on walking and physical activity for disadvantaged than advantaged groups. Those who lived in supportive built environments walked more and were more physically active than those who did not, but the effect was about twice as large for advantaged groups. We see this difference because disadvantaged groups walked more in unsupportive built environments and less in supportive built environments, though the latter appears more influential.Defining walkability entirely in built environment terms may fail to account for important social and individual/household characteristics and other non-built environment factors that challenge disadvantaged groups, including fear of crime and lack of social support. Planners must be sensitive to these findings and to community concerns about gentrification and displacement in the face of planned built environment improvements that may benefit more advantaged populations. We recommend five planning responses: Recognize that the effects of the built environment may vary by socioeconomics; use holistic approaches to improve walkability; expand walkability definitions to address a range of social and physical barriers; partner across agencies, disciplines, and professions; and evaluate interventions in different socioeconomic environments.
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Abstract. This article demonstrates utilization of large scale surface models with small spatial resolution and high accuracy, acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle scanning, for visibility analyses. The importance of large scale data for visibility analyses on the local scale, where the detail of the surface model is the most defining factor, is described. The focus is not only the classic Boolean visibility, that is usually determined within GIS, but also on so called extended viewsheds that aims to provide more information about visibility. The case study with examples of visibility analyses was performed on river Opava, near the Ostrava city (Czech Republic). The multiple Boolean viewshed analysis and global horizon viewshed were calculated to determine most prominent features and visibility barriers of the surface. Besides that, the extended viewshed showing angle difference above the local horizon, which describes angular height of the target area above the barrier, is shown. The case study proved that large scale models are appropriate data source for visibility analyses on local level. The discussion summarizes possible future applications and further development directions of visibility analyses.
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Previous research has reported associations between features of the residential built environment and physical activity but these studies have mainly been cross-sectional, limiting inference. This paper examines whether changes in a range of residential built environment features are associated with changes in measures of physical activity in adults. It also explores whether observed effects are moderated by socio-economic status.Data from the Examining Neighbourhood Activity in Built Living Environments in London (ENABLE London) study were used. A cohort of 1278 adults seeking to move into social, intermediate, and market-rent East Village accommodation was recruited in 2013-2015, and followed up after 2 years. Accelerometer-derived steps (primary outcome), and GIS-derived measures of residential walkability, park proximity and public transport accessibility were obtained both at baseline and follow-up. Daily steps at follow-up were regressed on daily steps at baseline, change in built environment exposures and confounding variables using multilevel linear regression to assess if changes in neighbourhood walkability, park proximity and public transport accessibility were associated with changes in daily steps. We also explored whether observed effects were moderated by housing tenure as a marker of socio-economic status.Between baseline and follow-up, participants experienced a 1.4 unit (95%CI 1.2,1.6) increase in neighbourhood walkability; a 270 m (95%CI 232,307) decrease in distance to their nearest park; and a 0.7 point (95% CI 0.6,0.9) increase in accessibility to public transport. A 1 s.d. increase in neighbourhood walkability was associated with an increase of 302 (95%CI 110,494) daily steps. A 1 s.d. increase in accessibility to public transport was not associated with any change in steps overall, but was associated with a decrease in daily steps amongst social housing seekers (- 295 steps (95%CI - 595, 3), and an increase in daily steps for market-rent housing seekers (410 95%CI -191, 1010) (P-value for effect modification = 0.03).Targeted changes in the residential built environment may result in increases in physical activity levels. However, the effect of improved accessibility to public transport may not be equitable, showing greater benefit to the more advantaged.
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Visibility
Geometric analysis
Sight
Line (geometry)
Elevation (ballistics)
Line-of-sight
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