A Meta-analysis of Dynamic Prevalence of Cognitive Deficits in the Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Phases After Traumatic Brain Injury
Ying-Chieh TsaiChin-Jung LiuHui‐Chuan HuangJiann-Her LinPin-Yuan ChenYu-Kai SuChun-Ting ChenHsiao-Yean Chiu
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Reports regarding prevalence of post–traumatic brain injury (TBI) cognitive deficits were inconsistent. We aimed to synthesize the prevalence of cognitive deficits after TBI in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I databases were searched from the inception to April 27, 2020. Studies with prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional designs reporting the prevalence of cognitive deficits after TBI in adults were included. RESULTS: A total of 15 articles were included for prevalence estimation. The pooled prevalence of memory and attention deficits after mild TBI was 31% and 20% in the acute phase and 26% and 18% in the subacute phase, respectively, and 49% and 54% in the subacute phase and 21% and 50% in the chronic phase after moderate-to-severe TBI. The overall prevalence of information processing speed deficits after mild TBI in the acute and subacute phases was 21% and 17%, respectively, and 57% in the chronic phase after moderate-to-severe TBI. The overall prevalence of executive dysfunction in the subacute and chronic phases was 48% and 38%, respectively, after moderate-to-severe TBI. CONCLUSION: Cognitive deficits are prevalent in the acute to chronic phases after TBI. Healthcare providers should design effective intervention targeting cognitive impairment after TBI as early as possible.Cite
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History is of one of the many disciplines that is considered as science, and which allows past events to be studied.This allows us to know about past facts, accompany their evolution, the origin of many concepts and terms, as well as errors and myths, allowing a comprehensive understanding of the present and learning to improve the future.The importance of history is such that it ends up determining the culture of many countries and also frames scientific disciplines.The great advances in knowledge of neurological function and its brain localization began in the nineteenth century.It is only recently that head injuries are classified by their neurological deficit rather than the type of skull fracture.This is not surprising, since most head injuries were treated by general surgeons who knew little about neurological examination.Although the illustrations in the early sixteenth century showed the anisocoria, this condition was not mentioned until three centuries later, when Jonathan Hutchinson first reported a dilated pupil on the same side as an intracranial clot, and pointed out that it was due to the compression of the third cranial nerve.
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外傷性脳損傷 (TBI) 者の社会的孤立を防ぐために，集団で行う心理療法が注目され，さまざまな形態でのグループ訓練が試みられてきた．本報告ではTBI者に対して，デイケアの形態で行うグループ訓練の有効性を認知面と心理行動面に分けて検証した．過去3 年間にデイケアに参加したTBI 20 例を対象とし，訓練6 カ月後に家族に対して行った質問票の結果で，心理面 (抑うつ気分・興奮) と，行動面 (他者情動の理解・身だしなみ) に有意な改善がみられた．これは，我々のとったグループ訓練の体制によりTBI者の発動性やコミュニケーション能力が改善したためであると考察された．TBI者の心理行動面の改善に，デイケアの形態をとったグループ訓練は有効であった．
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Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutrition status, executive cognitive functions, and cognitive flexibility; and to analyze the role of gender, age, and nutrition status in the prediction of executive cognitive functions and cognitive flexibility in a sample of Iranian adults. Background. This study is based on the hierarchy of needs, health beliefs, developmental, cognitive and psychophysiological conceptualizations of nutrition and their plausible influences on human cognitive functions and cognitive flexibility.
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The Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention estimate that almost 2 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States. In fact, TBI is a contributing factor to over a third of all injury-related mortality. Nonetheless, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of TBI are poorly understood. Thus, preclinical models of TBI capable of replicating the injury mechanisms pertinent to TBI in human patients are a critical research need. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI utilizes a mechanical device to directly impact the exposed cortex. While no model can full recapitulate the disparate injury patterns and heterogeneous nature of TBI in human patients, CCI is capable of inducing a wide range of clinically applicable TBI. Furthermore, CCI is easily standardized allowing investigators to compare results across experiments as well as across investigative groups. The following protocol is a detailed description of applying a severe CCI with a commercially available impacting device in a murine model of TBI.
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This chapter contains section titled: Abstract Background Search strategy Mechanisms of traumatic brain injury Classification of mild traumatic brain injury Ancillary investigations Biochemical markers of traumatic brain injury Clinical observation Rules for bed rest Follow-up Conclusions
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