Particle Energization in Turbulent Plasmas

Abstract In situ and remote observations indicate that relativistic or ultra relativistic electrons are formed at various magnetized configurations. It is suggested that a specific bootstrap mechanism operates in some of these environments. The mechanism applies to (a) relativistic electrons observed on localized field lines in outer radiation belt - through a process initiated at a distant substorm injection; (b) relativistic electrons observed at the interplanetary medium - through a process initiated via coronal injection, at large distances from flares or propagating CME; (c) ultra-relativistic electrons deduced at the galactic jets - through a process initiated via local injection at the small-scale magnetic field. The injected nonisotropic electrons excite whistler waves which boost efficiently the tail of the electron distribution.

Substorm

Whistler

Relativistic plasma

10.1017/s174392130902969x

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