Abundance of tigecycline resistance genes and association with antibiotic residues in Chinese livestock farms
Yulin FuYiqiang ChenDejun LiuDawei YangZhihai LiuYingyu WangJiayi WangXueyang WangXiangyue XuXing LiJunjia HeJunyao JiangWeishuai ZhaiLingli HuangTao HeXi XiaChang CaiYang WangHaiyang Jiang
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Keywords:
Tigecycline
Florfenicol
Tiamulin
Florfenicol
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Tilmicosin
Broth microdilution
Tiamulin
Ceftiofur
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The monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pig pathogens is critical to optimize antimicrobial treatments and prevent development of resistance with a one-health approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of swine respiratory pathogens in Spain from 2017 to 2019. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out following standardized methods from samples coming from sacrificed or recently deceased pigs with acute clinical signs compatible with respiratory tract infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the broth microdilution method containing a total of 10 and 7-8 antimicrobials/concentrations respectively, in accordance with the recommendations presented by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The obtained antimicrobial susceptibility varies between pig respiratory pathogens. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) were highly susceptible (≥90%) to ceftiofur, florfenicol and macrolides (tilmicosin, tildipirosin and tulathromycin). However, the antimicrobial susceptibility was intermediate (>60% but <90%) for amoxicillin and enrofloxacin in the case of APP and sulfamethoxazole/trimethropim and tiamulin in the case of PM. Both bacteria showed low (<60%) antimicrobial susceptibility to doxycycline. Finally, Bordetella bronchiseptica was highly susceptible only to tildipirosin and tulathromycin (100%) and its susceptibility for florfenicol was close to 50% and <30% for the rest of the antimicrobial families tested. These results emphasize the need of determining antimicrobial susceptibility in pig respiratory cases in order to optimize the antimicrobial treatment in a case-by-case scenario.
Florfenicol
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Broth microdilution
Tilmicosin
Ceftiofur
Tiamulin
Tylosin
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Florfenicol
Tiamulin
Linezolid
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Tylosin
Tilmicosin
Florfenicol
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The aim of this study was to make a survey of the presence of Mycoplasma dispar on a cattle breeding farm and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates.The aim of this study was to make a survey of the presence of Mycoplasma dispar on a cattle breeding farm and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The study was carried out at a farm in Lithuania. Nasal swabs for bacteriological investigation were collected from ninety dairy, beef and mixed type of cattle from 90 to 300 days of age. Mycoplasma cultivation procedures were carried out using Friis selective media. To confirm the presence of Mollicutes class the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. Isolates were identified according to biochemical and antigenic characteristics. The minimum inhibitory concentration of twenty field isolates of Mycoplasma dispar to tulathromycin, tylosin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and oxytetracycline was determined by using a micro-broth dilution method. Mycoplasma dispar was detected in the nasal cavity of 15 out of 84 clinically healthy animals (17.9 %), and in 5 out of 6 animals with respiratory disorders (83.3 %). The isolates were most susceptible to tulathromycin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin and florfenicol. Three (15 %) isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. The susceptibility to oxytetracycline significantly differed between Mycoplasma dispar isolates compared to the susceptibility of tulathromycin (P < 0.001), lincomycin (P < 0.001) tylosin (P < 0.001), enrofloxacin (P < 0.001), and florfenicol (P < 0.001).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8716
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Lincomycin
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The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antimicrobial agents were determined for 49 Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolates (42 bovine isolates and 7 porcine isolates). Benzylpenicillin and ampicillin were the most active antibiotics, with MIC ranges of < or = 0.0125-0.05 microgram/ml for both bovine and porcine isolates. All isolates were susceptible to penicillins and cephems. MICs for 90% of the isolates of dihydrostreptomycin, gentamicin and oxytetracycline for bovine isolates were > 100 micrograms/ml, 1.56 micrograms/ml and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively. More resistance to dihydrostreptomycin appeared among porcine isolates (85.7%) than among bovine isolates (52.4%). Resistance to gentamicin occurred in only 3 (7.1%) of the bovine isolates. Resistance to oxytetracycline also appeared more frequent among porcine isolates (85.7%) than among bovine isolates (57.1%). All bovine isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, tilmocosin and lincomycin, but two porcine isolates (28.6%) were simultaneously resistant to these antibiotics. Tiamulin was as active as tilmicosin, with an MIC for 50% of the isolates (MIC50) of 0.05 microgram/ml for both bovine and porcine isolates. The MIC50s of chloramphenicol and its derivatives florfenicol and thiamphenicol were all 1.56 micrograms/ml. The fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin and ofloxacin were not so active as penicillins and macrolides, with MIC50s of 0.78 microgram/ml and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, for both bovine and porcine isolates.
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Thiamphenicol
Tiamulin
Lincomycin
Benzylpenicillin
Dihydrostreptomycin
Spectinomycin
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Florfenicol
Tilmicosin
Tiamulin
Broth microdilution
Ceftiofur
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The in vitro activities of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were determined against field isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony (MmmLC) by means of the broth microdilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these antimicrobial drugs were determined for a representative number of 10 isolates and 1 type strain. The susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin was determined by means of an agar disk diffusion test. The MICs of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were within the ranges of 0.125-0.5, 1.0-2.0, 2.0-4.0 and 4.0-8.0 microg/ml, respectively. This study has shown that resistance of MmmLC against enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin was negligible. All the field strains of A. pyogenes that were tested were susceptible to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin with mean inhibition zones of 30.6, 42.3 and 35.8 mm, respectively. Although there is lack of data on in vivo efficacy and in vitro MIC or inhibition zone diameter breakpoints of these antimicrobial drugs for MmmLC, the MIC results indicate that these 4 classes of antimicrobial drugs should be effective in the treatment of ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep in South Africa.
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The objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antimicrobials (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, florfenicol, and tiamulin) against 24 Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae isolates obtained from sheep and goats and to compare the resulting antimicrobial profiles. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin had the lowest MIC50 values (<0.03 μg/mL) and MIC90 values (0.25 μg/mL) for all tested isolates. The highest MIC50 value (2 μg/mL) was obtained for florfenicol, while oxytetracycline and tylosin exhibited the highest MIC90 values (16 μg/mL). The MIC values for all fluoroquinolones and oxytetracycline were significantly lower for sheep isolates. Sheep isolates were considerably more susceptible to norfloxacin and tylosin than were goat isolates. This study demonstrated differences in antimicrobial susceptibilities between sheep and goat isolates, revealing M. ovipneumoniae in goat isolates to be less susceptible. The results suggest a possible link between antimicrobial profiles of M. ovipneumoniae isolates and their host ruminant species.
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Danofloxacin
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