Development of an innovative agricultural tool for farmers who use manual labor in crop production
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The article substantiates the relevance of the development of an innovative agricultural tool for farmers - manual self-cleaning rake. The device is related to agriculture, to manual tools with teeth in particular, and can be used for soil treatment and harvesting cultivated plants. Constant clogging of the rake's teeth reduces the productivity of those who use them. The teeth cleaning requires a significant amount of time and effort, and special additional devices. Known scientific and technical solutions do not allow to reduce to a minimum the user's movements when cleaning the teeth, do not provide a balanced cleaning of the teeth, especially when they are heavily clogged. The proposed device contains a cleaning plate that is formed with many spaced holes passing through the teeth. Moving this plate along the teeth of rakes or similar devices ensures their quick and balanced cleaning. The article describes the features and disadvantages of patented scientific and technical solutions, as well as the design features of the proposed innovative agricultural tool.Keywords:
Rake
Should agricultural development programs target women in order to increase productivity? This paper reviews the extensive literature on men’s and women’s relative productivity in agriculture, most of which concludes that controlling for access to inputs, plot and farmer characateristics, there are little or no gender gaps in productivity. In addition, the paper identifies the many challenges to disentangling individual level productivity. Most of the literature compares productivity on plots managed by women with those managed by men, ignoring the majority of agricultural households in which men and women are both involved in management and production. The empirical studies which have been done provide scant evidence for where the returns to project may be highest, in terms of who to target. Yet, programs that do not consider the gendered responsibilities, resources and constraints, are unlikely to succeed, either in terms of increasing productivity or benefitting men and women smallholder farmers.
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Weed control is one of the most challenging chores in agriculture which accounts for a significant portion of the cost of output. The use of mechanical devices for weed extraction reduces the cost of labor and saves time. However, a mechanical device is rarely used in the northeastern part of the country. The reason may include the undulated terrain condition, lack of awareness and technical knowledge, and poor economic conditions. To help farmers in rural areas overcome their challenges, a low-cost portable device for uprooting and eliminating weeds has been developed. A rolling wheel with spikes on the periphery at the front end and a fixed rake at the back end make up the developed tool's working mechanism. The fixed rake's function is to ensure that all weeds left behind by the rolling wheel are eliminated. As a result, there's a high probability that weeding efficiency could be improved when compared to currently available tools.
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Labor cost
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The purpose of the article theoretical and practical aspects of increasing productivity in the agricultural enterprises of the theoretical foundations of productivity – essential characteristics of the economy. Increase productivity provides increased real product and income, and therefore it is an important indicator of economic growth. The study includes defining the essence of productivity, and methods of its determination. The article compared the methodology for determining productivity and defined benefit cost method. The analysis of labor productivity in the agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region. The dynamics of gross output, the average number of workers and labor productivity, which gave an idea of the trend in productivity. Also calculated indexes of labor productivity in agricultural enterprises. The main ways of increasing productivity. Presented stages of program performance management and defined their role in increasing productivity.
Multifactor productivity
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In agriculture, women have been found to be less productive than men for a variety of reasons. Most of the studies in this domain focus on crop production, and so far there has been little evidence on the impact of gender on productivity in dairy. This paper provides empirical evidence of the impact of female decision-making power on dairy productivity in India, based on a unique household-level dataset collected in 2010 in 50 villages in Andhra Pradesh, a state in the South of India. Our analysis suggests that higher productivity is achieved in households where women take dairy production-related decisions. While caution is due in drawing overly strong conclusions, our results provide a more nuanced view on the impact of gender on agricultural productivity than the one usually put forward in the literature.
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Dairy Farming
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Should agricultural development programs target women in order to increase productivity? This paper reviews the extensive literature on men’s and women’s relative productivity in agriculture, most of which concludes that controlling for access to inputs, plot and farmer characteristics, there are little or no gender gaps in productivity. In addition, the paper identifies the many challenges to disentangling individual level productivity. Most of the literature compares productivity on plots managed by women with those managed by men, ignoring the majority of agricultural households in which men and women are both involved in management and production. The empirical studies which have been done provide scant evidence for where the returns to project may be highest, in terms of who to target. Yet, programs that do not consider the gendered responsibilities, resources and constraints, are unlikely to succeed, either in terms of increasing productivity or benefiting men and women smallholder farmers.
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Mathematical Model and Solution to the Maximum Rake Angle of a Cutting Tool with Chip-curling Groove
Because there exists a chip-curling groove on the rake face, the rake face of a modern cutting tool used on NC machine tool is not a plane, but a curved surface. A mathematical model for calculating the maximum rake angle of a turning cutting tool with curved rake face using the vector-matrix approach is developed. With the help of this model, the maximal rake angle of the turning tool and other important geometric parameters can be obtained under the given conditions. At last, a practical example is presented.
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Based on MAPGIS and the agricultural land classification achievement,using modeling and system analysis method,this paper has studied the farming synthesis productivity assessment method,and taking the practical capacity as the background,using productivity and nature productivity as anticipated,surveyed the realistic potential productivity and theoretical potential productivity,and got the land production ability and potential distribution.At last,taking Fufeng County as an example,the author proposed its suggestions of farming synthesis productivity protection and improvement measures.
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