To Determine the Morphological Changes in Red Blood Cells During Storage in Blood Banks
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Background: During storage of blood, the red blood cells undergo shape changes which cause fragility and endothelial interaction leading to deterioration the quality of blood in blood banks. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the morphological changes in red blood cells during storage in blood banks. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, a total 20 healthy volunteers between 17 to 40 years blood donors-Blood bags were taken, ten from each center i.e. MMCTH blood bank Mardan and KTH blood bank Peshawar. The specimen analysis was done at IBMS (Institute of Basic Medical Sciences) of KMU (Khyber Medical University) Peshawar. The exclusion criteria were People with anemia, hepatitis B C such as +1(scored 1 to 5 altered RBC present in each field), +2 (an average of 6 to 15 altered RBC in each field), +3(16 to 25 altered RBC in each field) and +4(more than 25 altered RBC present in each field). The multi head light microscope NIKON eclipse 50 was used for examination of peripheral blood slide and we took images of randomly selected field. The image J software was used for slide examination. Results: The morphological analysis of red blood cells, count of 200 cells in each blood slide in randomly selected fields are: On day 0 the majority of cells were normally shaped (97.95±1.297 (mean±SD).With increasing storage time, the percentage of morphologically abnormal red cells rose sharply. Mean percentage of abnormal cells on day 5, 10, 15 and 20 was 28.80±10.00, 51.73±12.47, 64.78±14.66 and 68.10±7.92 respectively. This increase in percentage of abnormally shaped cells was significant as determined by one way ANOVA (p =0.001). There was a big difference of percentage of abnormal RBCs on day 0 and in = 5 to= 10 days and in = 15 to = 20 days of blood storage. The mean values of day 0 of abnormal cells was 2.05±1.297 (Mean ± Std. Deviation), abnormal cells in= 5 to= 10 days was 40.26± 16.101 (Mean ± Std. Deviation) and on day = 15 and in = 20 day was 66.44± 11.75. The mean difference from day 0 to day 20 was 63.93±10.45 (Mean ± Std. Deviation).The one way ANOVA was significant, P= 0.001. Conclusion: This study confirms the hematological and morphological changes, when blood stored at 2 °C to 6 °C for up to 21 days. The significant morphological changes were observed on 5th day of blood storage. These findings suggested that approximately a week old stored blood is as good as the fresh blood; however, significant morphological and biochemical changes begin to appear after the first week of storage and these changes aggravate with time. Hence in order to achieve best possible transfusion outcomes, stored blood up to one week can be utilized.Keywords:
Blood bank
Erythrocyte fragility
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This study investigated six apparently healthy female dogs as experimental animals for the cardiovascular response and the changes in the hematological parameters subjected to ovariohysterectomy. The animals were examined prior to surgery through heart rate evaluation and complete blood count examination. Heart rate evaluation and Complete Blood Count (CBC) examination were performed before, during and after ovariohysterectomy. A non-parametric test (averages and percentages) were used to compare the variation of heart rate and blood parameters. Results of the study showed that there was a slight reduction of the heart rate during the surgical operation and a significant numerical difference in the values were observed in the blood parameters (RBC, WBC, PCV, MCV, Platelets, Lympocytes and Segmented neutrophils) throughout the experimental period. Red Blood Cell (RBC) count was affected during the intra-operative period slightly below the normal range. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) was also reduced during surgery, but the reduction is still within the normal range. Reduction in the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) was also observed, however, not exceeding beyond the normal range. White Blood Cell (WBC) count however, was observed to be elevated during the surgery but the values of segmented neutrophils were within the normal range. The results of the study revealed that ovariohysterectomy really trigger intra-operative stress. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the patient prior to the surgical operation should be given utmost consideration. Surgical patients with abnormal blood parameters should be stabilized first before proceeding with the said surgical operation. During the intra-operative period, it is highly recommended that the patient should be under intravenous fluid infusion to maintain its homeostasis and acid-base balance.
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Background: A womans reproductive period begins at menarche and ends in menopause. It usually extends from 13 to 45 years. Many physiological and hematological changes do occur during the pregnancy period and after delivery.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was done to evaluate the variations in red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts before and after normal vaginal delivery.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cohort study conducted on 500 pregnant females who got admitted to labor room for delivery at McGann Teaching District Hospital, Shivamogga. Blood samples were taken during the time of their admission to labor ward and within 1224 h after normal vaginal delivery and the cell counts were estimated using Sysmex KX-21 automated hematology analyzer.
Results: The mean values of RBC count before delivery were found to be 4.4 millions/mm3 with standard deviation of ±0.5 which dropped to 4 millions/mm3 with standard deviation of ±0.5 on the 1st day of puerperium. The mean values of WBC count before delivery were found to be 12,495.6 cells/mm3 with standard deviation of ±3663.5 cells/mm3 which increased to 16,027 cells/mm3 with standard deviation of ±3985.4 on the 1st puerperal day.
Conclusion: Cell counts vary during pregnancy period as well as during the puerperal phase. Any gross variations in these cell counts suspect of pathological possibilities.
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ABSTRACT The mean packed cell volume (PCV) for canine blood samples received by post was significantly higher than that for fresh samples, at each haemoglobin value over the range 9 to 19 g/dl. As a consequence the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) also differed. Apart from one Hb value there was no significant difference in the mean red blood cell (rbc) count over the Hb range 6 to 14 g/dl. It is suggested that the normal values for the PCV and MCV should be 3 to 5% and 5 to 7 f 1 higher respectively for postal samples as compared to fresh samples while the MCHC should be about 3 to 4 g/dl lower.
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Serial preoperative tests carried out in 826 and 382 patients with primary total and revision hip arthroplasty, respectively, revealed a considerable data scatter in red blood cell values that exceeded instrumental errors. Thirty-day examinations of 7 healthy volunteers indicated the similar data scatter and the change fluctuations in the indices under study. The peripheral blood levels of erythrocytes (Er) and hemoglobin (Hb) fluctuated at hemicircaseptanic intervals and the mean content of hemoglobin (MCH) in the red blood cells did at circaseptanic intervals. There were fluctuations around the trend whose value changed with the circadiseptanic (Er and Hb) and circavigintanic (MCH) periods. It is suggested that these biorhythms are a cause in the observed data scatter.
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The haematological parameters of the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), the dynamics of changes in blood count parameters with regard to the season of the year and reproduction status, and the effects of sex and body condition on the haematological parameters of blood were studied. In total, 574 blood samples were collected. The samples were collected from pheasants from the age of 6 months, prior to the laying period, and after the laying period. Packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration significantly increased in males during the period of growth and decreased during the period of reproductive activity. Significantly higher values were detected in males compared to females in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. A statistically significant positive relationship was detected between weight and the values of most of the parameters related to red blood cells.
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We conducted a study designed to mimic a typical pharmacokinetic study to gain a better understanding of a dog's response to multiple, frequent blood sampling at 15% total blood volume. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to either a control group having sham venipuncture performed or to a blood collection group having 1.5% of their body weight (approximately 15% total blood volume) removed weekly for 4 weeks. Both groups were monitored during a 2-week recovery period immediately after the 4-week collection period. Parameters evaluated were clinical signs, body weight, and hematological and serum biochemical analytes. There were minimal differences in red blood cell morphology between the two groups. Statistically significant differences in hematocrit between the two groups occurred on several days, and this finding was attributed to blood withdrawal in the blood collection group; however, this statistical difference was not deemed to be clinically significant. There were no statistically significant differences in body weight, total protein, reticulocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or red cell distribution width. We conclude that removing 15% blood volume in laboratory beagles is compatible with maintaining the health and well-being of the dog and can be acceptable in laboratory situations when it is scientifically justified.
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Objective To determine the normal range of blood parameters of healthy people in Chengdu. Methods A total of 22,178 people were recruited from October 2007 to July 2008, and the normal range of blood parameters in whole blood and peripheral blood were examined by using Shenzhen Mindray BC-5500 automated hematology analyzer, respectively. A total of 2 ml venous blood (adults) or 40 ul finger bloods (children) were collected in the morning after fasting overnight. The blood tests included: red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), basophils hemoglobin (HB), hematocri (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC%), platelet (PLT%), red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW%), platelet volume distribution width (PDW%), mean platelet volume (MPV%), platelet volume, neutrophil percentage (NEU%), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), monocyte percentage (MON%) , the percentage of eosinophils (EOS%), and the percentage of basophils (BAS%). The SPSS11.5 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The blood parameters showed non-normal distribution in healthy population in Chengdu area, and there were significant difference in the reference values between men and women (P0.01), between adult children (P0.01), between whole blood and peripheral blood (P0.01), respectively. Conclusion The range of blood parameters of healthy people in Chengdu area were same as that of most commonly used clinical parameters, and vary depending on age, gender, and blood samples.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a six-week aerobic training on peripheral blood in adults with Down syndrome. Fifteen men with Down syndrome (average age 22.4 years ± 0.91) with moderate or severe intellectual disability took part in the study. Patients underwent a training program three times a week for six weeks. Venous blood samples of 10 ml were collected from every examined patient, 24 hours before and after the exercise. The blood samples were submitted to hematological examination (hematocrit, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) number, RBC indicators: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)), reduced glutathione (GSH) level and number of macrocytes, polikilocytrometric examination of RBC and rheological blood examination (elongation index (EI), aggregation index (AI), syllectogram amplitude (AMP), aggregation half time (t1/2)) was made by LORCA. Amoderate six-week physical training performed on a cycloergometer resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the MCV value, hematocrit and plasma viscosity. The six-week cycloergometer training caused a statistically significant increase in the GSH level and erythrocyte pliability at a shear stress of 0.58 Pa.
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Hemorheology
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[Objective]The research aimed to study physiological index of blood for Hailan chickens in different days old.[Methods]Counting plate method,blood smea method and blood entire auto analyzer were adopted to determine physiological index of Hainan chicken blood: bleeding time,coagulation time,red blood cells sedimentation rate,white blood cells count,white blood cells classification(neutrophil granulocyte,acidophilic granulocyte,basophilic granulocyte,lymphocyte,monocyte) red blood cells count,red blood cells hematocrit capacity,mean corpuscular volume,red blood cell volume distribution width,hemoglobin in blood,mean corpuscular hemoglobin,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration,platelet count,mean platelet volume.Moreover,the Duncan comparison between groups for determination values was made.[Results] The results showed that in determined physiological index of blood,only average volume of red blood and platelet has little differences,while other physiological index have significant difference or very significant differences.[Conclusion] Physiological indexes of Hailan chickens blood have changed between groups with different days old.
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