A pilot-scale study of a novel two-stage denitrification filter
Qiming GuoZhihong YangQun Ying ZhaoJing ChenJie LiChen Li-junWei ShiPinglin AnGuanping WangGuangjing Xu
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Clarifier
Oxidizing agent
Biogeochemical Cycle
Constructed wetland
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Abstract Although numerous studies of denitrification in surface soils have been reported, few attempts have been made to study denitrifying activity in subsurface soils. We collected samples of four Iowa soil profiles to a depth of 3 m and measured their population of denitrifying bacteria and their capacity and potential for denitrification. Their denitrification capacity was assessed from their ability to reduce nitrate when incubated anaerobically (helium atmosphere) at 30°C for 72 hours after treatment with nitrate, and their denitrification potential was assessed from their corresponding ability when incubated anaerobically after treatment with both nitrate and organic carbon (as glucose). We found that the denitrification potentials of the subsurface samples studied greatly exceeded their denitrification capacities and that whereas both the population of denitrifying bacteria and the denitrification capacity of the samples decreased appreciably with depth in the profile, the denitrification potential of the samples did not decrease with depth. These findings indicate that the slow rate of denitrification in Iowa subsoils is not due to a lack of denitrifying microorganisms but to a lack of organic carbon that can by utilized by these microorganisms for reduction of nitrate.
Nitrous oxide
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Carbon fibers
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Abstract Denitrification and the Marine Nitrogen Cycle Denitrifying Bacteria General Controls on Denitrification Quantifying Denitrification Rates Locations and Patterns of Denitrification Activity in the Marine Environment
Nitrogen Cycle
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Aerobic denitrification
Nitrous oxide
Paracoccus denitrificans
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Denitrification is the major biological process through which fixed nitrogen (N) is returned from the soil to the atmosphere. The general requirements for denitrification are the presence of bacteria possessing the metabolic capacity; suitable electron donors such as organic carbon compounds, reduced sulphur compounds, or molecular hydrogen; anaerobic conditions or restricted oxygen availability; and N oxides. The capacity to denitrify has been reported to be present in about 23 genera of bacteria. This chapter presents a list of denitrifying genera including 13 genera for which there is confirmed or multiple documentation. Most denitrifying bacteria are chemoheterotrophs. Denitrification supports bacterial life through respiration. It is well established that denitrification in soil is strongly dependent on the availability of organic compounds as electron donors and as sources of cellular material. Nitrate reduction during denitrification in soil is an enzyme catalyzed reaction.
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Denitrification is an important biological mechanism in wastewater treatment process because this process is technically to remove nitrogen from water to air. There have been lots of study about denitrification engineering and molecular biological research about denitrifying bacteria, respectively. However, combination of these researches was unusual and rare. This study is about the correlation between quantity of denitrifying bacteria and denitrification potential, and consists of NUR batch test as analysis method of denitrification potential and quantitative molecular analysis for denitrifying bacteria. Three reactors (A/O, MLE and A/O of nitrogen deficiency) are operated to get activated sludge with various denitrification potential. All samples which were acquired from reactors were measured denitrification potential by NUR test and NUiR test. Also, Real-time PCR was conducted for quantification of denitrifying bacteria composition in activated sludge. The various denitrification potentials were measured in the reactors. The denitrifiaction potential was the highest in MLE process and the reactor of the nitrogen deficiency showed the lowest. Genomic DNA of activated sludge was obtained and consequently, real-time PCRuse the primer sets of nirK and nirS were conducted to quantify genes involving denitrification reductase production. As the result of real-time PCR, nirK gene showed more significant influence on denitrification potential comapred with nirS gene.
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Denitrification plays an important role in wastewater treatment systems for the reason that the nitrate or nitrite was reduced, and some gases such as NO, N_2O or N_2 were released. The application of denitrification in wastewater, the mechanism of denitrification, and the effect factors of denitrification were introduced in this paper. The communities of Denitrifying bacteria, and some key enzymes of denitrification were also introduced. The discovery of aerobic denitrifying bacteria, autotrophic denitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying Phosphorus-removing Bacteria were also mentioned in this paper.
Aerobic denitrification
Autotroph
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The critical role of final clarifiers in meeting effluent permit requirements in indisputable. Poor performance of the final clarification step may adversely affect effluent quality. Experience has shown that effluent quality produced by conventional final clarifiers typically meets the secondary effluent requirements of 30 mg/L BOD and 30 mg/L TSS. However, recent enhancements to final clarifier design have been shown to significantly improve performance over conventional units to the point that filtration may not be required to achieve a high quality effluent. An eight-month full-load demonstration test was conducted at the Jacksonville, Illinois WWTP to establish the capabilities of new final clarifiers to produce an effluent meeting limits of 10 mg/L BOD and 12 mg/L TSS. The test demonstrated that the Black & Veatch clarifier design can produce a high quality effluent which meets stringent effluent limits. As a result, significant cost savings may be realized if effluent filtration can be avoided.
Clarifier
Filtration (mathematics)
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