Cytokeratin expression in therapy-related leukemia
Hiromi KinoshitaDaisuke OkamuraTsugumi SatoYoshitada TajiHidekazu KayanoMasanori YasudaNorio AsouYasuhiro Ebihara
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Hematology
Дифференциальная диагностика новообразований яичников проводится среди групп эпителиальных и гранулёзоклеточных опухолей и остаётся актуальной проблемой онкогинекологии. В основном встречаются эпителиальные опухоли (до 60%), но на долю
гранулёзоклеточных опухолей приходится до 5% из всех неоплазий яичника. Материалы и методы. В работе
было проведено ретроспективное исследование 43 наблюдений опухолевых поражений яичников за период
январь-декабрь 2017 г. Целью исследования было проанализировать комплекс морфологических и иммуногистохимических характеристик Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 – негативних фенотипов и Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 – позитивних фенотипов неоплазий яичников, для совершенствования алгоритмов диагностики.
Результаты. Фенотип эпителиальных опухолей яичников в 100% наблюдений соответствует панцитокератину Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 «+», в свою очередь фенотип гранулезоклеточных опухолей в основном отвечал экспрессии маркера Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1 / АЕ3 в 62,5%; а вариант в части клеток «+»/«-» Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 обнаружен в 37,5% гранулезоклеточных опухолей, независимо от потенциала их злокачественности. Таким образом, гранулезоклеточные опухоли имеют вариабельную экспрессию маркера
Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 и требуют включения в первичную панель других диагностических ИГХ маркеров.
Differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms is carried out among groups of epithelial and granulocellular tumors and remains an actual problem of oncogynecology. In general, epithelial tumors occur (up to 60%), but granulocellular cell tumors account for up to 5% of all ovarian neoplasia. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 43 observations of ovarian tumor lesions over the period of January-December 2017 was conducted in the work. The aim of the study was to analyze the complex of morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of Cytokeratin, Pan AE1 / AE3 - negative phenotypes and Cytokeratin, Pan AE1 / AE3 - positive phenotypes of ovarian neoplasia to improve diagnostic algorithms. Results. The phenotype of epithelial
ovarian tumors in 100% of observations corresponds to pancytokeratin Cytokeratin, Pan AE1 / AE3 +, in its turn the
phenotype of granulocellular tumors basically responded to expression of the Cytokeratin marker, Pan AE1 / AE3 in
62.5%; and the variant in the part of the cells + / Cytokeratin, Pan AE1 / AE3 was found in 37.5% of
granulocellular tumors, regardless of their malignant potential. Thus, granulocellular tumors have variable expression
of the Cytokeratin marker, Pan AE1 / AE3 and require the inclusion of other diagnostic IGH markers in the primary panel.
Keratin 8
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The term cytokeratin was first used in late 1970s by Franke et al. They can be defined as proteins of keratin containing intermediate filaments found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue. Within epithelial cells CK filament functions as components of the cytoskeleton and cell contacts. They have been widely used for the detection of different malignant and premalignant disorders. Over 32000 published articles exist in the biomedical research literature that used the term cytokeratin. The aim of this article to review the uses and method of detection of cytokeratins in diagnosis.
Keratin 8
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To compare immunohistochemical results of cytokeratin AE1/AE3, the traditional favored marker, with MUC16 and cytokeratin 19 for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in epithelial downgrowth and control corneas.Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 5 cases of epithelial downgrowth and 5 control specimens for MUC16, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and cytokeratin 19 using the immunoperoxidase method. The mean percentages of reactive cells on the epithelium and endothelium were compared for each antibody using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. The sensitivity and specificity for each marker were compared.All 3 antibodies showed high sensitivity (100%) in identifying epithelial downgrowth. However, the specificity was greatest for MUC 16 (100%) compared with cytokeratin 19 (80%) and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (0%). None of the endothelial cells in any case showed reactivity to anti-MUC16 compared with anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (mean [SD], 0.0% [0.0%] vs 17.4% [10.4%]; P = .008). Cytokeratin 19 was positive in every case of epithelial downgrowth but showed focal staining of the endothelium (3.4% of cells) in 1 control.Antibodies for MUC16, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and cytokeratin 19 are equally sensitive for downgrowth. However, anti-MUC16 showed superior specificity compared with anti-cytokeratin 19 or anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 in this study.
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The expression of the low molecular weight cytokeratins (K) 7, 8, 18, 19 and the high molecular weight cytokeratin 10 in 21 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was studied using seven different monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) with specific anti-cytokeratin activity. MoAbs RCK 105 (anti-K7), RPN 1164 (anti-low molecular weight cytokeratins of basic group), Ks 19.1 (anti-K19) and Cam 5.2 (anti-K8, K18, K19) reacted positively but inconsistently in the BCC that were examined. MoAbs 1166 (anti-K8) and RGE53 (anti-K18) did not react at all. MoAb RKSE 60 (anti-K10) did not react with the tumor cells. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that cytokeratins 7 and 19 are expressed in BCC (43% and 71%, respectively), whereas cytokeratin 8 is not expressed.
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Human liver parenchymal cells have a very simple cytokeratin composition and express only one cytokeratin pair: cytokeratin 8 (a type II cytokeratin, molecular weight 52 kD) and cytokeratin 18 (a type I cytokeratin, molecular weight 45 kD). Intrahepatic bile duct cells contain in addition to cytokeratins 8 and 18 also cytokeratins 7 (a type II cytokeratin, molecular weight 54 kD) and cytokeratin 19 (a type I cytokeratin, molecular weight 40 kD). The paper deals with the cytokeratin expression in various types of benign and malignant primary liver tumors as assessed by immunohistochemical methods or by the use of gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of cytoskeletal extracts.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be detected in, and is probably involved in the etiology of, the majority of anogenital neoplasias. Infection with the virus induces a number of events in the infected epithelial cells that may lead to the development of benign or malignant tumors. One change that can be detected in the infected cells is in squamous differentiation, which is reflected by the pattern of cytokeratin polypeptide expression. By studying this pattern in relation to the presence of the virus, an indication may be obtained of the influence of the virus on the cellular differentiation in individual cells. By using a combination of DNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, for HPV and cytokeratin polypeptides, respectively, we studied the presence of HPV6 or HPV11 in condylomata accuminata derived from anogenital skin in relation to the cytokeratin polypeptides K1, 4, 8, 10, 14, and 18. We found that in many samples the presence of the skin-type cytokeratins K1 and K10 was decreased, whereas K13, and to a lesser degree K4, appeared. The cellular localization of these aberrations in cytokeratin expression could be related to the presence of HPV6 or 11 DNA in the tissue.
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