Cancer Management in Saudi Arabia: Recommendations by the Saudi Oncology HeAlth Economics ExpeRt GrouP (SHARP)
Nora AlkhudairMajed AlshamraniHadeel SamarkandiHajer AlmodaheemHana AlabdulkarimMai Alsaqa’abyFouad AlnajjarHashem Al-HashemMohammed BakkarShouki BazarbashiMohammed AlnahedhFeras AlfraihMohammad AlawagiAhmed Al‐Jedai
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Abstract:
Cancer is widely recognized as a major global health problem and is estimated to rank as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Saudi Arabia has undergone remarkable socioeconomic development in the past 40 years which has contributed to the increase in cancer incidence. The high costs of new oncology medications in combination with uncertainty of long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes highlight the importance of considering value, in terms of clinical outcomes, relative to cost. We convened a group of experts to discuss key factors impacting the current state of cancer management in Saudi Arabia and to agree on a list of recommendations, with a focus on value-based care, considering evidence, patients, and costs.Keywords:
Clinical Oncology
Cancer Incidence
This study investigated the relationships among family status (intact vs single parent), socioeconomic status, parent-child interaction, and children's adjustment in a disadvantaged “Coloured” community in South Africa. Data were collected from 48 mothers, including 12 married mothers of higher socioeconomic status, 12 single mothers of higher socioeconomic status, 12 married mothers of low socioeconomic status, and 12 single mothers of low socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status, single mothers rated their children as significantly less adjusted than mothers in the other three groups. These and other findings suggest the importance of taking both family status and socioeconomic status into account. While the findings of this study are not conclusive, they could have implications for the “Coloured” community of South Africa and similar groups.
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We investigated the independent and interactive effects of subjective socioeconomic status and objective socioeconomic status on physical health, mental health, and well-being. We collected questionnaires from 276 adults in China. Results showed that subjective socioeconomic status and objective socioeconomic status were positively related to mental health, physical health, and well-being. In addition, there was an interactive effect of subjective socioeconomic status and objective socioeconomic status on well-being. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which socioeconomic status affects health and well-being and suggest that we should begin to improve peopleâ–™s well-being by looking at individual socioeconomic status.
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This paper reviews the evidence on the well-known positive association between socioeconomic status and health. We focus on four dimensions of socioeconomic status -- education, financial resources, rank, and race and ethnicity -- paying particular attention to how the mechanisms linking health to each of these dimensions diverge and coincide. The extent to which socioeconomic advantage causes good health varies, both across these four dimensions and across the phases of the lifecycle. Circumstances in early life play a crucial role in determining the co-evolution of socioeconomic status and health throughout adulthood. In adulthood, a considerable part of the association runs from health to socioeconomic status, at least in the case of wealth. The diversity of pathways casts doubt upon theories that treat socioeconomic status as a unified concept.
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To assess physical activity and leisure time activities in relation to socioeconomic status.We have studied 1,078 boys and girls from 24 schools from areas of different geographical and socioeconomical status. Physical activity and leisure time activities were assessed by a questionnaire.We have observed that adolescents spend more time watching T.V. than doing physical activity (p = 0.0001). In general, boys prefer strong physical activity. Children from the lowest socioeconomic families did less physical activity than children from the highest socioeconomic families (p < or = 0.05). In girls, those with the lowest socioeconomic status spent the greatest amount of time watching T.V. (p = 0.0001).From our results, we deduce that we must improve physical activity habits in children, especially in those from the lowest socioeconomic families.
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Research studies on child abuse report on such aspects as socioeconomic levels, characteristics of abuse, demographic factors, and assessment for detection of potential abusers. Characteristics of potential or actual abusers are frequently cited in relation to low socioeconomic status. Yet at the same time, data indicates that child abuse has no socioeconomic boundaries. There is minimal data reported that would help nurses to identify potential child abusers from higher socioeconomic levels. Study is needed to identify if there are any differences in the potential for child abuse as measured between parents from low socioeconomic status and parents from high socioeconomic status.
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Objective:To explore the correlativity between health and socioeconomic status among Chinese residents.Methods:Adopting multiple indicators for health and socioeconomic status in multivariate regressions using pooled data and panel data respectively,and comparing regression results.Results:Generally speaking,residents with higher socioeconomic status have better health.But the correlativity varies when different indicators for health and socioeconomic status are adopted.Conclusion:Socioeconomic status affects health through multiple channels.Therefore,quantitative analysis based on single indicator cannot fully reveal the mechanics between socioeconomic status and health.
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Utilized two psychologists as actors in making four videotapes to depict background information and verbal modes of communication for alcoholics according to black-white race differences and high-low socioeconomic status. Forty graduate psychology students (10 per group) then were shown randomly one of the four recordings and asked to make a diagnosis. A significant difference was found for the effects of race, socioeconomic status, and race X socioeconomic status interaction on the correct diagnosis of alcoholism. Results were interpreted as suggesting that a clinician's personal biases and/or prejudices might extend into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of clients.
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