Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma in the spinal canal of T3-T4: a case report and literature review
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Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumour that occurs in the superficial tissue of extremities of children and young adults. A painless mass in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue is the main clinical manifestation. AFH also occurs infrequently in the central nervous system and is relatively common in the cranium. However, spinal canal AFH has not been described yet. We report a rare case of AFH in the cervical canal of a 20-year-old male patient. Microsurgical gross total resection of the tumour was performed, and the diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathology. To our knowledge, this is the first case of AFH in the spinal canal.Abstract An in‐depth understanding of the mechanical properties of the dermis is indispensable to improve wound healing or slow‐down skin ageing. Despite crucial research issues for dermatological and cosmetic industries, very little is known about the mechanical behaviour of the dermis at nanoscale level. This knowledge is relevant not only to human skin but also to mouse skin since this animal model is widely used in basic and preclinical studies for skin biology and health. Here, we describe an original protocol that we developed to specifically measure the mechanical properties of mouse dermis using atomic force microscopy‐based nano‐indentation approach. Using horizontal cryosections (i.e. parallel to the skin surface) performed at different depths through the dermis of dorsal skin, our protocol allowed us to detect nanoscale mechanical changes between female and male dermis samples. We found that the dermis was softer (i) in females than in males and (ii) with depth within the dermis of male mice. We also quantified compositional differences between female and male skin dermis and found that increased extracellular matrix gene expression and type V collagen staining were associated with increased dermal stiffness in male mice, compared with females. Our results demonstrating a sexual dimorphism in the nanomechanical properties and molecular composition of mouse dermis, open the way to better consider sex‐related cutaneous differences to understand skin disease and to stimulate the development of female versus male‐specific products with more appropriate dermatological treatments and cosmetic interventions.
Sexual dimorphism
Human skin
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A 40-year-old Japanese male with diabetic scleredema was reported. Histochemical examination revealed that the alcian blue and colloidal iron strains were positive in the dermis, especially in the lower dermis. The biochemical analyses of the 3 horizontally sliced layers of scleredema skin revealed that (1) glycosaminoglycan content was low in the upper and middle dermis, which was chiefly due to the decrease in hyaluronic acid, (2) dermatan sulfate content was constant among the 3 layers, (3) the content of collagen in the upper and middle dermis was higher, and (4) the ratio of type I/type III collagen in the whole involved skin was normal. From these results, we speculate that the increase in collagen content in the upper and middle dermis may be essential for the pathophysiology of the disease.
Dermatan sulfate
Type I collagen
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Abstract Excess retinoids can cause developing mouse vibrissa follicles to be transformed into mucous glands in organ culture. The objective was to test the hypothesis that retinoids act in this system by altering morphogenetic properties of the dermis. After inititation by retinoic acid (RA) in organ culture, glands were shown to develop further in embryonic skin grafted to the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Recombinants of 12.5 day mouse epidermis with untreated or RA‐treated mouse or chick dermis were then grafted to CAM for 7 days. For homospecific recombinants, 13.5 day mouse dermis originated from 11.5 day skin cultured for 2 days, with or without 5.2 μg/ml RA. For heterospecific recombinants, 12 day dermis came from chick embryos, previously injected with 250 μg RA. Glands were absent from the homospecific recombinants including untreated mouse dermis, but appeared in 26% of those with RA‐treated dermis. Among heterospecific recombinants, 75% of those with RA‐treated chick dermis and 29% of those with untreated dermis had glands. Untreated 10–12 day chick skin contained two forms of endogenous vitamin A, retinol (4.5 μg/g protein) and dehydroretinol (3.7 μg/g protein), while 13–14 day mouse skin contained only retinol (1.8 μg/g protein), as shown by high performance liquid chromatography. RA injection increased retinol and dehydroretinol in chick skin, while RA was undetectable. Thus RA can act through mouse dermis to form epithelial glands and through chick dermis to increase the incidence of glands. The glands in recombinants with untreated chick dermis may result from the higher levels of endogenous retinoids in chick skin, compared with mouse skin.
Epidermis (zoology)
Chorioallantoic membrane
Organ culture
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The author has observed that the extract from normal human dermis has obvious inhibitory effects on human skin cultured fibroblasts. The results revealed that dermis contains substances which could inhibit growth of fibroblast and that their presence could explain the lack of activity of the normal dermis close to cicatrization.
Human skin
Dermal fibroblast
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Dermal fibroblast
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The aim of this work was the study of age-related changes in the number of CD45+ cells in human dermis. The results showed that the number of CD45+ cells in dermis increased gradually with age. At the same time, a total number of fibroblasts in dermis decreased with age. The number of PCNA+ fibroblasts in dermis showing their proliferative activity was observed to be decreased with the progression of age. The results of the correlation analysis show that the age-related increase of CD45+ cells number is statistically associated with the decrease in the total number of fibroblasts and with the quantity of PCNA+ fibroblasts in dermis through age. Therefore, accumulation of CD45+ cells in human dermis with age may be regarded as a mechanism which brings about inflammatory reaction and emergence of signs of aging. It is also possible that the increased number of bone marrow derived cells has an impact on the age-related decline in the number of fibroblasts in dermis with age.
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To evaluate the changes of gel scaffold and spongy scaffold in fibroblast culture in vitro, two kinds of collagen dermis were constructed in this research. Type I collagenase and Dispase were used to isolate dermis fibroblast from neonate prepuce. The gel dermis was constructed by mixing the fibroblast and collagen swelling solution, and the collagen spongy dermis was also constructed. After histological and immunohistochemical staining, these two dermis' properties were compared. Compared with gel dermis, the spongy dermis possessed more superior tension strength, but it decreased significantly during the culture. The transition temperature in DSC reduced also. The rupture length of gel dermis increased, on the contrary. Gel dermis contained more moisture than spongy dermis. It had been observed that the collagen gel was more suitable for fibroblast in maintaining its morphology than spongy scaffold, though with less cell number. The reason might be due to the special structure of collagen gel. Water in gel is sub-bound water, which is different from free water, and it is suitable for fibroblasts to secrete extracellular matrix. It could be concluded that the collagen gel dermis is better than collagen spongy dermis in the biological property.
Type I collagen
Matrix (chemical analysis)
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To improve the biological property of artificial skin.We have ameliorated Hansburgh and Middelkoop's method of manufacturing artificial dermis. The type I collagenase and Dispase were used to isolated neonate prepuce' dermis fibroblast. The gel dermis was constructed by compounding the fibroblast and collagen swelling solution. The property of the collagen gel dermis was measured.The neonate prepuce's dermis fibroblast had property of high proliferation, high activation of the dermis, and it could secrete abundant extracellular matrix (ECM).The collagen gel dermis is an useful dermis substitute.
Dermal fibroblast
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Skin grafting
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Artificial skin
Bromodeoxyuridine
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Skin grafting
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