Novel neuronal surface autoantibodies in plasma of patients with depression and anxiety
Shenghua ZongCarolin HoffmannMarina Mané-DamasNils KappelmannPeter MolenaarGerard van GrootheestBrenda W.J.H. PenninxRob P.W. RouhlMario LosenPilar Martínez‐Martínez
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Abstract Neuronal surface autoantibodies (NSAbs) against various antigens cause autoimmune encephalitis. Some of these antigens are also involved in the pathology of depression and anxiety. To study whether NSAbs are more common in plasma of individuals with depression and anxiety than in controls, and to investigate if NSAbs correlate with disease status, plasma samples of 819 individuals with a current diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety, 920 in remission and 492 individuals without these disorders were included in this study. Samples were tested by a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC), staining on live rat hippocampus neurons and cell-based assay (CBA). By IHC, 50 (2.2%) samples showed immunoreactivity to rat brain tissue, with no significant differences between the aforementioned groups (22/819 vs 18/920 vs 11/492, P > 0.99). In addition, eight IHC positive samples were positive for NSAbs on live neurons (7/819 vs 0/920 vs 1/492, P = 0.006). The IHC-staining patterns of these eight samples were atypical for autoimmune encephalitis and accordingly, they tested negative for known NSAbs by CBA. No obvious difference in the clinical characteristics between individuals with or without NSAbs was observed. In conclusion, novel NSAbs were rare but predominately found in patients with current anxiety or depression indicating they might affect mental health in a small group of patients.Keywords:
Depression
Limbic Encephalitis
Objective:To study the characteristics of autoantibodies in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:83 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)were studied.Different autoantibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay(IIF,Euroimmuno,Germany).Results:31 of 83 cases were found autoantibodies(37.3%),in whom 64 patients were in HBV infection,with 23 autoantibodies positive(35.9%).8 were autoantibody-positive in 16 patients with HCV infection(50.0%).There was no significant differences between the two groups(P0.05).24.1%(20/83)or 12.1%(10/83)or 1.2%(1/83)patients were positive for one,two or three kinds of autoantibodies respectively.Anti-nuclear antibody(ANA)was the most popular(24.1%)than others.Anti-cytoskeleton(CS)was 13.3%,whereas anti-smooth muscle antibody(SMA)was 9.6% and anti-mitochondria antibody(AMA)4.8% respectively.It was shown that anti-Ro-52 or anti-CENP-B was positive by ANA analysis.Comparing AFP normal with abnormal patients,antoantibody rate(22.2% vs 36.8%)had no significant difference.There were no remarkable difference between autoantibodies positive group and autoantibodies negative group for HBV-DNA.Conclusion:Non-organ-specific autoantibodies—ANA,CS,SMA and AMA can be detected in 37.3% patients with HCC.The highest detection rate is ANA,the next is CS and SMA,and the lowest is AMA.All of detected autoantibodies are shown with low titer(1∶100).Concentration of AFP and autoantibodies is not shown significant correlation.There is no remarkable difference in autoantibodies between HBV-DNA positive group and negative group.
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The goal of this study was to address whether antiislet autoantibodies appear sequentially or simultaneously before the onset of type I diabetes. We analyzed sequential serum samples from 155 siblings and offspring (aged < 7 yr) of patients with type I diabetes from the Denver Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young study and from a separate group of first degree relatives (aged 2-40 yr) for autoantibodies reacting with three defined autoantigens: glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), insulin, and ICA512/IA-2. The youngest age at which 1 of the 3 autoantibodies appeared was 1.1 yr, and the oldest was 60.9 yr. Of the total 26 autoantibody conversion events observed, in only 3 instances did more than 1 autoantibody appear simultaneously. Among individuals (n = 12) with sequential conversion to expression of multiple autoantibodies, anti-GAD65 autoantibodies or antiinsulin autoantibodies appeared first (4 expressed antiinsulin autoantibodies first, and 8 anti-GAD65 autoantibodies first). We conclude that antiislet autoantibodies usually appear sequentially and not simultaneously. This corroborates early suggestions that humoral autoimmunity to islets develops chronically in a process usually measured in months to years. As expression of multiple autoantibodies is associated with a high risk of progression to diabetes, and sequential appearance of autoantibodies can occur late in life, long term follow-up is necessary to fully delineate the relationship of diabetes risk to autoantibody expression.
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Limbic Encephalitis
Limbic system
Limbic lobe
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
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A paradigmatic feature of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) is the presence of multiple autoantibodies. The use of antibody profiles in the study of ARD therefore should be the best strategy for both diagnostic and classification purposes. To this end, systems using micronized components (protein chips or arrays), consisting of solid phase-linked autoantigens capable of simultaneously detecting many autoantibodies at the same time, are particularly suitable for testing autoantibody profiles. In the near future, extended disease-specific autoantibody profiles consisting of dozens, if not hundreds, of autoantibodies will be able to define each patient's autoantibody fingerprint and identify subclasses of patients with different prognostic characteristics and different therapeutic responses.
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The pathophysiology of glandular dysfunction in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has not been fully elucidated. Previously, we reported the presence of autoantibodies to AQP-5 in patients with SS, which was associated with a low resting salivary flow. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-AQP1 autoantibodies. To detect anti-AQP1 autoantibodies, cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assay was developed using MDCK cells that overexpressed human AQP1. By screening 112 SS and 52 control sera, anti-AQP1 autoantibodies were detected in 27.7% of the SS but in none of the control sera. Interestingly, the sera that were positive for anti-AQP1 autoantibodies also contained anti-AQP5 autoantibodies in the previous study. Different from anti-AQP5 autoantibodies, the presence of anti-AQP1 autoantibodies was not associated with the salivary flow rate. Although anti-AQP1 autoantibodies are not useful as a diagnostic marker, the presence of autoantibodies to AQP1 may be an obstacle to AQP1 gene therapy for SS.
Pathophysiology
Aquaporin 1
Immunofluorescence
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Objective:To understand autoantibody status by the serological analysis for difficult blood cross matching caused by autoantibody,and explore the test strategy for positive autoantibody patients.Method:Using saline method(room temperature,37℃,4℃),Polybrene method,Traditional antihumanglobulin test,microcolumn gel immuno-assay identified the antibody specificity for autoantibody patients.According to the characteristics of autoantibodies in patients,different experimental methods were used for blood cross matching in order to choose the right blood for clinical,and the effect of transfusion was observed.Result:In 119positive autoantibodies patients,88samples were warm autoantibodies(73.95%).Among them,12patients were with specific antibodies:Anti-cE 7,anti-E 2,anti-Jkb 1,anti-Lea1,anti-Leb 1.And 9patients were with specific anti autoantibodies:anti-Ce3,anti-E 2,anti-c 1,anti-cE 1,anti-M 1cases.Twenty samples were cold autoantibodies(16.81%),including 1cases with anti-E antibody.Four samples were warm and cold mixed autoantibodies(3.36%);7samples were hyperglobulinemia(5.88%).According to the characteristics of autoantibodies,using different treatment measures achieved satisfactory effect of transfusion.Conclusion:In patients with positive autoantibodies,different autoantibodies characteristic for blood test would be different.In order to ensure the clinical blood transfusion safety,reasonable and effective,we should master the indications for transfusion,to avoid unnecessary blood transfusion.For blood cross match test,we should select suitable experimental methods according to the antibody characteristic,to eliminate the autoantibodies effect in patients.
Coombs test
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To investigate the occurence of various autoantibodies in the Omani population.
Latex fixation test
Thyroglobulin
Rheumatoid factor
Anti-thyroid autoantibodies
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Objective To detect the autoantibodies in autoimmune liver disease patients and analyse the positive ratio. Method Detection of a group of autoantibodies in 178 autoimmune liver disease patients and 200 normal adults using indirect immunofluorescennce assay and immunoblot assay. Patients divided into 3 groups: AIH, PBC and unknown cause liver injury. Analysing the positive ratio of autoantibodies in each group. Results The AIH group can divide into 3 subtypes according to the difference of the autoantibodies as Ⅰ(75%), Ⅱ(8.3%), Ⅲ(16.7%). In the PBC group, the patients are all AMA positive, the positive rate of M2 is 95.5%. The autoantibodies appear in 80.0% unknown cause liver injury group in which 22 patients found none autoantibodies and 5 cases presented unknown autoantibodies. Conclusion Autoimmune liver disease is progressive inflammation of the liver accompanied with the production of characteristic antibodies. Detection of autoantibodies are useful clinically for identifying and classifying liver disease.
Liver disease
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