Optimization of innovative composite sensor for Pb(II) detection and capturing from water samples
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Langmuir adsorption model
Tap water
The contents of trace metal elements in tap water were quickly determined in use of high accuracy,sensitivity and analyses of muhielements at the same time of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).Because of low concentration of harmful metal elements in tap water, the high sensitivity of analytical method was needed,and ICP-MS had expecial advantages compared with the other elements analysis technics,and was widely applied to analyzing the tap water samples. The metal elements in tap water were determined by ICP-MS and atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS),and the tap water samples from China and Japan were analyzed and compared.
Tap water
Trace metal
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This study is aimed to investigate the potential mutagenicity of tap water and their source water from water plants in Kunming with tadpole micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchages (SCEs) tests of cultured CHO cells.The results revealed:1) There is an obvious difference on frequency of tadpole micronucleus induced between each water plant tap water and its source water with the exception of Y-water plant tap water.2) The results of CA frequency showed no substantial difference between each water plant tap water and its source water and control group except of low concentration (0.03125 L/ml) group of W-water plant tap water.3)There is an extremly significant difference between the high concentration groups 0.0625 L/ml (Dianchi Lake source water and W-water plant tap water),and low concentration group (W-water plant tap water through comparison with control group) with SCE frequency.There is a significant difference in low concentration group of Dianchi Lake source water and high concentration group of E-,S-water plant tap water.
Tap water
Water source
Soft water
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The HPLC analysis using gel chromatography with a small amount of dissoluble material sample in tap water has revealed 1) that specific chromatograms of all the dissoluble materials can be obtained by developing tap water with distilled water by use of the RI detector 2) that the concentration of total residue substances C can be obtained from the equation ; C (mg·l-1) = 5.21 RI (×10-6) when tap water is measured direct with the RI detector not using a column and 3) that specific chromatograms of fulvic acid and chlorinated fulvic acid that are contained in tap water can be obtained by developing tap water with 0.2mol·l-1 sodium sulfate solution by use of the FL detecter.
Tap water
Distilled water
Residue (chemistry)
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To study the mutagenicity of source water with different turbidities, tap water and active carbon-treated tap water, unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte was detected. Increased unscheduled DNA synthesis was found in a dose-depend manner inducted by tap water, source water and tap water treated with 5, 10 and 15 milligrammes active carbon per liter water. The results also showed that the mutagenicity of the source water increased with the increasing of its turbidity, and mutagenicity of the tap water is higher than that of the source water as well. There was no unscheduled DNA synthesis in tap water followed by the treatment with 20 milligrammes active carbon per liter water. It is suggested that the development of the water treatment technics including sedimentation, filtration and treatment with active carbon is needed for decreasing or eliminating the mutagenicity of tap water.
Tap water
Turbidity
Portable water purification
Carbon fibers
Water source
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Mutagenicity of resin-absorbed materials from tap water and its elimination by home water cleaners were evaluted by Ames assay with and without S9mix. CSP800-or CHPA25-absorbed materials from tap water two cities examined showed positive mutagenic activities that have coefficient variations from 30 to 50% daily. The home water cleaners tested were shown to be useful for reducing mutagens in tap water.
Tap water
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Chlorination is a common disinfection method for tap and swimming pool water as it is the most effective and low-cost method compared with others. The purpose of the study was to assess cancer risk of THMs exposure in tap and swimming pool water in Kuantan hotels. Temperature and pH were analyzed as an in-situ measurement while the rest of the parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. The concentration of four forms of THMs in tap and swimming pool water analyzed from Hotel X are 1.23ug/L and 1.35ug/L for CHCl3 respectively and none for the CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3. The concentration of four forms of THMs in tap and swimming pool water at Hotel Y are 1.25ug/L and 1.18ug/L respectively for CHCl3 and none for the CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3. The cancer risk from exposure to THMs at Hotel X are 1.6 x 10- 5 for tap water, 1.9 x 10-5 for swimming pool water and 2.0 x 10-4 for both tap and swimming pool water while cancer risk from exposure to THMs at Hotel Y are 1.7 x 10-5 for tap water, 1.6 x 10-5 for swimming pool water and 1.19 x 10-4 for both tap and swimming pool water.Thus, it shows that, it is in range of acceptable risk.
Tap water
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The survival capacity of Helicobacter pylori in artificially contaminated milk and tap water was investigated in the study. Helicobacter pylori could survive for up to 10 days in milk at 4°C storage but only 4 days in tap water with a steady decrease of colony forming units. However, electron microscopy clearly showed that the non‐culturable coccoid form was present in tap water which had been kept at 4°C for 7 days. It is concluded that H. pylori may survive in tap water as well as in milk, with the implication that they may, thereby, act as a vehicle of transmission.
Tap water
Spirillaceae
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Tap water
Filter paper
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Abstract The pH of water used to prepare liquid solutions and brines for various types of biochemical investigations may influence the experimental results and overall conclusions. The pH of four types of water such as tap, tap boiled, deionized and deionized boiled water were investigated at the temperatures of 13, 23, 33 and 43 o C in the salinity range of 0-140 g/L of NaCl. The pH of tap water decreased by 2 on average after deionization. The pH of tap water and brines varied from 7 to 9.5 while it varied from 5.1 to 6.5 for deionized water and brines at all salinities. The pH of tap water increased by 0.5-1.5 due to CO 2 release while the pH of deionized water did not change after boiling in 30 minutes. The addition of salt of more than 20 g/L of NaCl caused the pH decrease by 1-1.5. The pH of tap boiled and deionized boiled brines decreased with the temperature increase by 0.1 per 10 o C. The decreasing, increasing and neutral trends of pH change with the increase in salinity were observed. The brines of tap water, tap boiled water and deionized water were close to constant at 20-120 g/L. The increase in pH from 80 g/L for deionized boiled water could be addressed to a salting out effect because of the lower CO 2 solubility at highly concentrated brines.
Tap water
Salting out
Brine
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To compare the number of bacterial counts in tap water at first burst and running tap water.The present study was performed in thirty-two first burst water samples and twenty-nine running tap water samples after two minutes, collected from an operation room at one standard hospital and analyzed for the mean, median, and 95% achieved confidence interval of CFU/ml. All water samples were cultured and investigated for total bacterial counts, which were expressed as colony forming unit per milliliter (CFU/ml).The bacterial count was statistically significantly about three times higher in the samples of the first burst tap water in comparison with the group of samples after letting the tap water run for two minutes 98.7, 78.5, 60.5-120.0 vs. 29.1, 25.8, 16.6-33.2 CFU/ml.Two minutes running tap water contains about three times less bacterial count than first burst tap water
Tap water
Liter
Sterile water
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