Nanoparticle-Based Sustainable Agriculture and Food Science: Recent Advances and Future Outlook
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In the current scenario, it is an urgent requirement to satisfy the nutritional demands of the rapidly growing global population. Using conventional farming, nearly one third of crops get damaged, mainly due to pest infestation, microbial attacks, natural disasters, poor soil quality, and lesser nutrient availability. More innovative technologies are immediately required to overcome these issues. In this regard, nanotechnology has contributed to the agrotechnological revolution that has imminent potential to reform the resilient agricultural system while promising food security. Therefore, nanoparticles are becoming a new-age material to transform modern agricultural practices. The variety of nanoparticle-based formulations, including nano-sized pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, and sensors, have been widely investigated for plant health management and soil improvement. In-depth understanding of plant and nanomaterial interactions opens new avenues toward improving crop practices through increased properties such as disease resistance, crop yield, and nutrient utilization. In this review, we highlight the critical points to address current nanotechnology-based agricultural research that could benefit productivity and food security in future.Keywords:
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India has been self-sufficient in food grains since the past several decades and has achieved national food security. There are several positive developments associated with the green revolution period. However; this increase in food grains and self-sufficiency in food production at the national level has not ensured food security at the regional or household level and has not led to eradication of malnutrition and starvation in various parts of the country. India may be one of the fastest growing and emerging economies but it has a long way to go in eradicating hunger and food insecurity. Empirical studies support the idea that improvements in agricultural productivity are important for poverty reduction. Thus one needs to stress the fundamental role of agriculture sector in supporting rural livelihoods, generating employment and providing food security. It is most important that productivity should rise. This paper is an attempt to examine the important concerns of deceleration in Indian agriculture growth rate, productivity plateauing, declining public investment and the impact all this has on food security.
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After the second Agricultural revolution in England, the third green revolution was started in India between 1955 to 1960s to increase food production and feed the millions of malnourished people throughout the nation and quickly spread to other countries. Green revolution emerged because of thinking about populations and the problem of hunger in very particular ways. Many Asian and other countries were immediately adopted the green revolution and accelerated the growth and poverty reduction dramatically. Africa has the potential for a green revolution but due to too late acceptance of the green revolution yet the yields are far below their potential and the use of modern inputs such as fertilizer and high-yielding varieties of seeds is extremely low. Therefore, to increase productivity and eliminate poverty from the people the focus of the Green Revolution for developing countries, especially for Africa is mandatory. Keywords : Africa, Agriculture, green revolution DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-5-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2022
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Goal 2 of the 2030 Agenda sets out to “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture”. As with other SDGs, realizing this goal will require a multifaceted approach. To ensure that markets around the world have access to nutritious food requires international trade and cross-border cooperation. With climate change threatening predictability of harvests and the sustainability of many regional crops, the importance of trade in food commodities may well increase rather than diminish.
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Comparing their differences between times background, basic theories and technologies, the conclusions can be drawn that Green Revolution has increased the field yield by improving the crop growth environment, and New Green Revolution promotes agricultural productivity by modifying the gene of seeds. Meanwhile, New Green Revolution is also ideological evolution. Furthermore, the view of New Green Revolution meeting the development of Chinese, agriculture is discussed , and the strategies of Chinese agriculture are put forward.
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The Green Revolution refers to a series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between 1943 and the late 1970s in Mexico, which increased industrialized agriculture production in many developing nations. The initiatives involved the development of high-yielding cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, and distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers. The term "Green Revolution" was first used in 1968 by former USAID director William Gaud. The goal of the Green revolution was to increase the efficiency of agricultural processes so that the productivity of the crops was increased and could help developing countries to face their growing population’s needs.
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AbstractAbstractThe agricultural sector has always been supremely concerned with the rapid increase of global population leading to a drastic upsurge in food demand. In past decades, with the adoption of the green revolution, the agricultural sector has been entirely dependent on extreme utilization of agrochemicals consisting of pesticides. This continuous practice with agrochemicals leads to deterioration of environmental health and resources. Hence, the current necessity is to conserve the environment without influencing crop productivity. Consequently, the innovation of the next revolution by using microbial inoculants to restrict agrochemical exploitation results in sustainable agriculture can be a neoteric approach. Thenceforth, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can play pertinent role in sustainable agriculture. These can be rhizospheric or endophytic depending upon their location in the host plant. Myriad of PGPR formulations are available in the market as microbial inoculants either as liquid or solid based carriers. The present review centralized the behavior of endophytic and rhizospheric PGPR in association with the plant, their growth promoting attributes; mechanisms of action and biocontrol activities. This review will provide the insight of plant–PGPR interactions for enhancing plant health and productivity in climate resilient agriculture.Keywords: Biocontrolendophytic bacteriaPGPR traitsrhizospheric bacteria AcknowledgmentThe authors express their sincere thanks to Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.Disclosure statementThe authors disclose that they have no conflict of interest.Correction StatementThis article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
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There is renewed international effort to address challenges associated withsustainable agriculture and food security. The key international framework isthe International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for food andAgriculture. Through it, is established a Multilateral System (MS) offacilitated access to key plant genetic resources that are vital for human foodand nutrition, as well as sustainable agriculture. If properly implementedand utilized, the system offers attractive prospects for dealing with thosechallenges. This paper attempts to provide an understanding of theMultilateral System of facilitated access to plant genetic resources for foodand agriculture especially in addressing food security and sustainableagriculture.
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