Mechanisms of four conventional methods extracting available potassium in illite.
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Illite
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Hydrochloric acid
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Abstract The identification and characterization of clay minerals in the soil have been carried out on the clay fraction separated from a dispersed soil suspension. The process of dispersion includes the replacement of exchangeable divalent cations with H-ions by the dilute acid treatment, the removal of organic matter with hydrogen peroxide, and the dissolution of free iron oxides with reducing and/or chelating agents.
Suspension
Fraction (chemistry)
Divalent
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As propriedades químicas e mineralógicas do flogopitito, uma rocha que contém flogopita,
Phlogopite
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Ammonia may be adsorbed on soil minerals by a variety of reactions. The ammonium form has a positive electrical charge and is thus attracted by the negative electrical charge of the soil minerals. Two main factors seem to govern the swelling of montmorillonite with ammonia: the amount of ammonium formed by reaction of the ammonia with residual water in the clay lattice, and the coordinating properties of the metal ion in question. H. Nommik has reviewed ammonium fixation and its relationships to availability of the ion. The actual availability of fixed ammonium in two soils to plants and to nitrifying organisms was shown by Bower to be quite low. The status of the water in the clay lattices is thus believed to be different than ordinary water being more highly dissociated and so able to provide protons for ammonium ion formation.
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Releasing potassium experiment was inducted by silicatebacteria on the different kinds of the potassiumbearing minerals powder. The minerals powder per gram could at most release 77.3 m of watersoluble potassium, and its potassium parcentage to the total mineral powder was only 0.056%; potassiumbearing mineral powder after being released by silicate bacteria were carried on the Xray diffraction analysis, the results indicated that silicate bacteria showed only a few influence on the crystal structure of silicate minerals; and the relative content of primary minerals in the potassiumbearing mineral powders had no obvious change.
Potassium silicate
Silicate minerals
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Photometer
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Heating mixed solutions containing manganese sulfate, ammonium peroxodisulfate and ammonium sulfate at a molar ratio of 1:1:5 at 150°C gave NH 4 -cryptomelane.The higher the starting manganese concentration, the higher the purity of the products.At a concentration of 0.5 mol/L any products other than NH 4cryptomelane was detected.Column washing with 6 mol/L nitric acid was found to be suitable for exchanging NH 4+ with H + .The H-exchanged cryptomelanes were highly selective for K and the K adsorption capacity increased as the volume of nitric acid used for washing increased.The maximum adsorption capacity achieved in this study was about 800 mmol/kg.
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Spectrophotometry
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